Download MBBS Female Reproductive System Lecture PPT

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) Latest Female Reproductive System Lecture PPT


FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM

OVARY

? Female gonads that produce ova and

harmones (oestrogen & progesteron).

? Shape--Almond shaped
? Lenght--3cm
? Width--1.5cm
? Thickness--1cm.
? Surface of ovary is covered by a layer of simple

cuboidal epithelium called germinal epithelium.

? Germinal epithelium rests on dense connective

tissue called tunica albuginea.

? Ovary:
Perpheral cortex
Central medulla

? Cortex
? Occupies greater part of ovary.

? Contains ovarian follicules at different stages of

maturation & degenration.

? Also contain corpus luteum and corpus albicans.

? Follicules are embedded in cellular connective

tissue stroma.
? Medulla

? Made of loose fibroelastic connective tissue.

? Containing blood vessels, lymphatics and

nerves.

? Hilus cells--source of androgen from ovary.
DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIAN FOLLICLE

? Folllicular growth and maturation pass through

four stages--this process is called folliculogenesis.

1.Primordial follicle--
? Located at periphery of the cortex.
? Consist of primary oocyte (20-25um) surrounded

by single layer of squamous follicular cells


2.Primary follicle--
? Primordial follicle change into primary follicle under

influence of FSH.

? Primary oocyte enlarge (50-80 um).
? Squamous cells becomes cuboidal (unilaminar) then

divide to form stratified cuboidal layer of granulosa

cells.

? Outermost layer cells rest on basement membrane.
? Oocyte is separated from surrounding follicular cells

by glycoprotein layer called zona pellucida.

? The connective tissue stroma surrounding the follicle

condensed and form theca follicle, which later

differentiate into two layers.



3.Secondary follicle--
? Oocyte enlarges (125um)
? Irregular fluid filled spaces appear among the

follicular cells and forms a crescentic space

(antrum) filled with liquor folliculi.

? Theca follicili diifferentiated in two layers
? Theca interna--cellular layer
? Theca externa--fibrous layer

4.Graafian follicle--

? Mature or tertiary follicle

? Follicle enlarges in size as fluid accumulates in the

antrum dividing the follicular cells into two sets.

? Outer set-- membrana granulosa
? Inner set-- cumulus oophorus

CORPUS LUTEUM

? After ovulation the wall of follicle collapsed

becomes infolded and get transformed into

temporary endocrine organ.

? Two types of cells in corpus luteum--
? Granulosa luteal cell Progesterone
? Theca luteal cell Oestrogen
? If fertilisation occurs it survive for 4-5 months
? If fertilisation does not occurs it functions for 10-

12 days.

? After its functional activity is over it is replaced by

fibrous scar, corpus albicans (`White body')
ATRETIC FOLLICLE

? Several follicle start maturing during each

ovarian cycle, but only one matured and undergo

ovulation.

? Other follicle degenerated at various stages and

becomes atretic follicle.
FALLOPIAN TUBE (UTERINE TUBE)

? Made of three coats--

1.Mucosa--it includes lining epithelium and thin lamina

propria.

Branching mucosal fold but no anastomosis.
? Lining epithelium--simple columnar ciliated
? Two types of cell
? ciliated columnar
? non ciliated peg cell (secretory)

2.Muscle layer--smooth muscle
? Inner--circular
? Outer longitudinal

3.Serosa--mesothelium (peritoneum of broad ligament)


UTERUS

? Uterine wall made of three coats--
1.Perimetrium Outer serous coat

2.Myometriummiddle muscular coat very thick.
? Arranged in three ill defined layers
? Outer-- longitudinal
? Middle--circular
? Inner--longitudinal

3.Endometrium inner mucosal lining
--Lining epithelium--simple columnar (cilated,

secretory)

--Lamina propria (endometrial stroma) very cellular
--Endometrium--two layers
? Superficial-- stratum functionalis (compactum &

spongiosum) (2/3)

? Deep-- strtum basalis (1/3)
? Cyclical changes in the endometrium

i)Menstrual phase 1-4 days

ii)Proliferative phase (follicular phase)5-14 days

iii)Secretory phase (luteal phase)15-28 days



Proliferative Secretory
MAMMARY GLAND

? INTRODUCTION
? Modified sweat gland of apocrine type.
? Compound tubulo-alveolar gland.
? Each gland consists of 15-20 lobes.
? A single large lactiferous duct drains each lobe.
? Each lobe is surrounded by dense fibrous

connective tissue capsule.

? Capsule in turn is surrounded by adipose tissue.
? Each lobe consists of several lobules.
? Each lobule is composed of alveoli.

? Duct system
? Alveolar ductule

--Drains an alveolus & line by cuboidal epithelium.
? Intralobular duct

--Lined by cuboidal epithelium
? Interlobular duct

--Lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium.

--Present in connective tissue septa.
? Lactiferous duct(lobar duct)

--Lined by columnar epithelium.

--Lactiferous sinus lined by two layers of cuboidal or

pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

? LACTATING GLAND

? Lobules are packed with secretory alveoli.

? Interlobular stroma is reduced to thin septa.

? Alveoli are large of irregular outline.

? Lined by single layer of cuboidal to columnar

epithelium.

? NON- LACTATING GLAND

? Resting gland shows clusters of ducts

separated by abundant fibro-fatty tissue.

? Alveoli shrink and lumen may be lost.

? Lined by simple cuboidal epithelium


Age changes in mammary gland

? At birth
? Rudimentary duct system is present in fibrous

stroma.

? Till puberty
? Growth by deposition of fibro-fatty tissue.
? Only ducts slightly branched.

? At puberty
? Proliferation of duct system
? Ends of ducts form solid spherical masses.
? Secretory unit do not develop.
? During pregnancy

a) In 1st half--
? Proliferation and branching of ducts.
? Secretory alveoli develop

b) In 2nd half--
? Alveoli enlarge and elaborate secretion precursor.

? After lactation
? Gland returns to resting condition.

? After menopause
? Gland involutes undergoes regressive changes.
? Parenchyma decreases and replaced by fibro-fatty

tissue
TOPIC FOR HISTOLOGY EXAM

? NERVOUS TISSUE
? LYMPHATIC STSTEM
? INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM(SKIN)
? RESPIRATOTY SYSTEM
? DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I
? DIGESTIVE SYSTEM II
? DIGESTIVE SYSTEM III

This post was last modified on 30 November 2021