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Download MBBS Female Reproductive System Lecture PPT

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) Latest Female Reproductive System Lecture PPT

This post was last modified on 30 November 2021


FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM

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OVARY

? Female gonads that produce ova and

harmones (oestrogen & progesteron).

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? Shape--Almond shaped
? Lenght--3cm
? Width--1.5cm
? Thickness--1cm.

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? Surface of ovary is covered by a layer of simple

cuboidal epithelium called germinal epithelium.

? Germinal epithelium rests on dense connective

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tissue called tunica albuginea.

? Ovary:
Perpheral cortex

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Central medulla

? Cortex
? Occupies greater part of ovary.

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? Contains ovarian follicules at different stages of

maturation & degenration.

? Also contain corpus luteum and corpus albicans.

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? Follicules are embedded in cellular connective

tissue stroma.
? Medulla

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? Made of loose fibroelastic connective tissue.

? Containing blood vessels, lymphatics and

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nerves.

? Hilus cells--source of androgen from ovary.
DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIAN FOLLICLE

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? Folllicular growth and maturation pass through

four stages--this process is called folliculogenesis.

1.Primordial follicle--

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? Located at periphery of the cortex.
? Consist of primary oocyte (20-25um) surrounded

by single layer of squamous follicular cells

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2.Primary follicle--
? Primordial follicle change into primary follicle under

influence of FSH.

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? Primary oocyte enlarge (50-80 um).
? Squamous cells becomes cuboidal (unilaminar) then

divide to form stratified cuboidal layer of granulosa

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cells.

? Outermost layer cells rest on basement membrane.
? Oocyte is separated from surrounding follicular cells

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by glycoprotein layer called zona pellucida.

? The connective tissue stroma surrounding the follicle

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condensed and form theca follicle, which later

differentiate into two layers.


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3.Secondary follicle--
? Oocyte enlarges (125um)
? Irregular fluid filled spaces appear among the

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follicular cells and forms a crescentic space

(antrum) filled with liquor folliculi.

? Theca follicili diifferentiated in two layers

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? Theca interna--cellular layer
? Theca externa--fibrous layer

4.Graafian follicle--

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? Mature or tertiary follicle

? Follicle enlarges in size as fluid accumulates in the

antrum dividing the follicular cells into two sets.

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? Outer set-- membrana granulosa
? Inner set-- cumulus oophorus

CORPUS LUTEUM

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? After ovulation the wall of follicle collapsed

becomes infolded and get transformed into

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temporary endocrine organ.

? Two types of cells in corpus luteum--
? Granulosa luteal cell Progesterone
? Theca luteal cell Oestrogen

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? If fertilisation occurs it survive for 4-5 months
? If fertilisation does not occurs it functions for 10-

12 days.

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? After its functional activity is over it is replaced by

fibrous scar, corpus albicans (`White body')
ATRETIC FOLLICLE

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? Several follicle start maturing during each

ovarian cycle, but only one matured and undergo

ovulation.

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? Other follicle degenerated at various stages and

becomes atretic follicle.
FALLOPIAN TUBE (UTERINE TUBE)

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? Made of three coats--

1.Mucosa--it includes lining epithelium and thin lamina

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propria.

Branching mucosal fold but no anastomosis.
? Lining epithelium--simple columnar ciliated
? Two types of cell

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? ciliated columnar
? non ciliated peg cell (secretory)

2.Muscle layer--smooth muscle
? Inner--circular

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? Outer longitudinal

3.Serosa--mesothelium (peritoneum of broad ligament)


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UTERUS

? Uterine wall made of three coats--
1.Perimetrium Outer serous coat

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2.Myometriummiddle muscular coat very thick.
? Arranged in three ill defined layers
? Outer-- longitudinal
? Middle--circular
? Inner--longitudinal

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3.Endometrium inner mucosal lining
--Lining epithelium--simple columnar (cilated,

secretory)

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--Lamina propria (endometrial stroma) very cellular
--Endometrium--two layers
? Superficial-- stratum functionalis (compactum &

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spongiosum) (2/3)

? Deep-- strtum basalis (1/3)
? Cyclical changes in the endometrium

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i)Menstrual phase 1-4 days

ii)Proliferative phase (follicular phase)5-14 days

iii)Secretory phase (luteal phase)15-28 days

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Proliferative Secretory
MAMMARY GLAND

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? INTRODUCTION
? Modified sweat gland of apocrine type.
? Compound tubulo-alveolar gland.
? Each gland consists of 15-20 lobes.

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? A single large lactiferous duct drains each lobe.
? Each lobe is surrounded by dense fibrous

connective tissue capsule.

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? Capsule in turn is surrounded by adipose tissue.
? Each lobe consists of several lobules.
? Each lobule is composed of alveoli.

? Duct system

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? Alveolar ductule

--Drains an alveolus & line by cuboidal epithelium.
? Intralobular duct

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--Lined by cuboidal epithelium
? Interlobular duct

--Lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium.

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--Present in connective tissue septa.
? Lactiferous duct(lobar duct)

--Lined by columnar epithelium.

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--Lactiferous sinus lined by two layers of cuboidal or

pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

? LACTATING GLAND

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? Lobules are packed with secretory alveoli.

? Interlobular stroma is reduced to thin septa.

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? Alveoli are large of irregular outline.

? Lined by single layer of cuboidal to columnar

epithelium.

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? NON- LACTATING GLAND

? Resting gland shows clusters of ducts

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separated by abundant fibro-fatty tissue.

? Alveoli shrink and lumen may be lost.

? Lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

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Age changes in mammary gland

? At birth

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? Rudimentary duct system is present in fibrous

stroma.

? Till puberty

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? Growth by deposition of fibro-fatty tissue.
? Only ducts slightly branched.

? At puberty
? Proliferation of duct system

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? Ends of ducts form solid spherical masses.
? Secretory unit do not develop.
? During pregnancy

a) In 1st half--

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? Proliferation and branching of ducts.
? Secretory alveoli develop

b) In 2nd half--
? Alveoli enlarge and elaborate secretion precursor.

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? After lactation
? Gland returns to resting condition.

? After menopause

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? Gland involutes undergoes regressive changes.
? Parenchyma decreases and replaced by fibro-fatty

tissue
TOPIC FOR HISTOLOGY EXAM

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? NERVOUS TISSUE
? LYMPHATIC STSTEM
? INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM(SKIN)
? RESPIRATOTY SYSTEM

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? DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I
? DIGESTIVE SYSTEM II
? DIGESTIVE SYSTEM III