Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) Latest Female Reproductive System Lecture PPT
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
OVARY
? Female gonads that produce ova and
harmones (oestrogen & progesteron).
? Shape--Almond shaped
? Lenght--3cm
? Width--1.5cm
? Thickness--1cm.
? Surface of ovary is covered by a layer of simple
cuboidal epithelium called germinal epithelium.
? Germinal epithelium rests on dense connective
tissue called tunica albuginea.
? Ovary:
Perpheral cortex
Central medulla
? Cortex
? Occupies greater part of ovary.
? Contains ovarian follicules at different stages of
maturation & degenration.
? Also contain corpus luteum and corpus albicans.
? Follicules are embedded in cellular connective
tissue stroma.
? Medulla
? Made of loose fibroelastic connective tissue.
? Containing blood vessels, lymphatics and
nerves.
? Hilus cells--source of androgen from ovary.
DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIAN FOLLICLE
? Folllicular growth and maturation pass through
four stages--this process is called folliculogenesis.
1.Primordial follicle--
? Located at periphery of the cortex.
? Consist of primary oocyte (20-25um) surrounded
by single layer of squamous follicular cells
2.Primary follicle--
? Primordial follicle change into primary follicle under
influence of FSH.
? Primary oocyte enlarge (50-80 um).
? Squamous cells becomes cuboidal (unilaminar) then
divide to form stratified cuboidal layer of granulosa
cells.
? Outermost layer cells rest on basement membrane.
? Oocyte is separated from surrounding follicular cells
by glycoprotein layer called zona pellucida.
? The connective tissue stroma surrounding the follicle
condensed and form theca follicle, which later
differentiate into two layers.
3.Secondary follicle--
? Oocyte enlarges (125um)
? Irregular fluid filled spaces appear among the
follicular cells and forms a crescentic space
(antrum) filled with liquor folliculi.
? Theca follicili diifferentiated in two layers
? Theca interna--cellular layer
? Theca externa--fibrous layer
4.Graafian follicle--
? Mature or tertiary follicle
? Follicle enlarges in size as fluid accumulates in the
antrum dividing the follicular cells into two sets.
? Outer set-- membrana granulosa
? Inner set-- cumulus oophorus
CORPUS LUTEUM
? After ovulation the wall of follicle collapsed
becomes infolded and get transformed into
temporary endocrine organ.
? Two types of cells in corpus luteum--
? Granulosa luteal cell Progesterone
? Theca luteal cell Oestrogen
? If fertilisation occurs it survive for 4-5 months
? If fertilisation does not occurs it functions for 10-
12 days.
? After its functional activity is over it is replaced by
fibrous scar, corpus albicans (`White body')
ATRETIC FOLLICLE
? Several follicle start maturing during each
ovarian cycle, but only one matured and undergo
ovulation.
? Other follicle degenerated at various stages and
becomes atretic follicle.
FALLOPIAN TUBE (UTERINE TUBE)
? Made of three coats--
1.Mucosa--it includes lining epithelium and thin lamina
propria.
Branching mucosal fold but no anastomosis.
? Lining epithelium--simple columnar ciliated
? Two types of cell
? ciliated columnar
? non ciliated peg cell (secretory)
2.Muscle layer--smooth muscle
? Inner--circular
? Outer longitudinal
3.Serosa--mesothelium (peritoneum of broad ligament)
UTERUS
? Uterine wall made of three coats--
1.Perimetrium Outer serous coat
2.Myometriummiddle muscular coat very thick.
? Arranged in three ill defined layers
? Outer-- longitudinal
? Middle--circular
? Inner--longitudinal
3.Endometrium inner mucosal lining
--Lining epithelium--simple columnar (cilated,
secretory)
--Lamina propria (endometrial stroma) very cellular
--Endometrium--two layers
? Superficial-- stratum functionalis (compactum &
spongiosum) (2/3)
? Deep-- strtum basalis (1/3)
? Cyclical changes in the endometrium
i)Menstrual phase 1-4 days
ii)Proliferative phase (follicular phase)5-14 days
iii)Secretory phase (luteal phase)15-28 days
Proliferative Secretory
MAMMARY GLAND
? INTRODUCTION
? Modified sweat gland of apocrine type.
? Compound tubulo-alveolar gland.
? Each gland consists of 15-20 lobes.
? A single large lactiferous duct drains each lobe.
? Each lobe is surrounded by dense fibrous
connective tissue capsule.
? Capsule in turn is surrounded by adipose tissue.
? Each lobe consists of several lobules.
? Each lobule is composed of alveoli.
? Duct system
? Alveolar ductule
--Drains an alveolus & line by cuboidal epithelium.
? Intralobular duct
--Lined by cuboidal epithelium
? Interlobular duct
--Lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium.
--Present in connective tissue septa.
? Lactiferous duct(lobar duct)
--Lined by columnar epithelium.
--Lactiferous sinus lined by two layers of cuboidal or
pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
? LACTATING GLAND
? Lobules are packed with secretory alveoli.
? Interlobular stroma is reduced to thin septa.
? Alveoli are large of irregular outline.
? Lined by single layer of cuboidal to columnar
epithelium.
? NON- LACTATING GLAND
? Resting gland shows clusters of ducts
separated by abundant fibro-fatty tissue.
? Alveoli shrink and lumen may be lost.
? Lined by simple cuboidal epithelium
Age changes in mammary gland
? At birth
? Rudimentary duct system is present in fibrous
stroma.
? Till puberty
? Growth by deposition of fibro-fatty tissue.
? Only ducts slightly branched.
? At puberty
? Proliferation of duct system
? Ends of ducts form solid spherical masses.
? Secretory unit do not develop.
? During pregnancy
a) In 1st half--
? Proliferation and branching of ducts.
? Secretory alveoli develop
b) In 2nd half--
? Alveoli enlarge and elaborate secretion precursor.
? After lactation
? Gland returns to resting condition.
? After menopause
? Gland involutes undergoes regressive changes.
? Parenchyma decreases and replaced by fibro-fatty
tissue
TOPIC FOR HISTOLOGY EXAM
? NERVOUS TISSUE
? LYMPHATIC STSTEM
? INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM(SKIN)
? RESPIRATOTY SYSTEM
? DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I
? DIGESTIVE SYSTEM II
? DIGESTIVE SYSTEM III
This post was last modified on 30 November 2021