Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) Latest Femur Lecture PPT
FEMUR
DR. LOVELY MAUSAMI
TUTOR, DEPT OF ANATOMY,
NMCH, JAMUHAR.
Longest and strongest bone in the body.
Parts:
1.Upper end
2.Shaft
3.Lower end
At the upper end it articulates with the hip
bone to form the hip joint, and at the lower end
it articulates with the patella and tibia.
The femur transmits body weight from the hip
bone to the tibia in standing position.
SIDE DETERMINATION
The side of femur is determined by holding bone
vertically in such a way that:
Its head faces upward, medially, and slightly
forward.
Long axis of the shaft is directed downward and
medially with convexity of the shaft facing
anteriorly.
Lower surfaces of both the condyles are in the same
horizontal plane.
UPPER END:
It possesses:
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Greater trochanter: 3 surfaces and 1 border
a) anterior surface
b) lateral surface
c) medial surface
d) superior border
4. Lesser trochanter
UPPER END:
vHEAD:
? Projects from the medial side of upper end
the shaft.
? Faces upward forwards and medially.
? It forms about two-third of a sphere and
articulates with the acetabulum of the hip
bone to form the hip joint.
? It presents a small pit, the fovea, just below
and behind the centre, which provides
attachment to the ligament of the head of
femur (ligamentum teres femoris).
? Lies within the capsule of hip joint.
v NECK:
It is 5 cm long and connects the head with the
shaft.
It is directed upward, medially, and slightly
forward.
The angle between its lower border and the
medial border of shaft is called neck?shaft
angle.
The neck presents two borders--upper and
lower, and two surfaces--anterior and
posterior.
UPPER BORDER:
It is concave and horizontal.
It meets the shaft near the greater trochanter.
LOWER BORDER:
It is straight and oblique.
It meets the shaft near the lesser trochanter.
ANTERIOR SURFACE:
It is flat and bears a number of oblique bony ridges.
It meets the shaft at intertrochanteric line.
It is completely intracapsular.
POSTERIOR SURFACE:
It is convex from above downward and
concave from side-to-side.
It meets the shaft at intertrochanteric
crest.
Its medial half is intracapsular.
It presents a faint groove, which lodges
the tendon of obturator externus.
v GREATER TROCHANTER:
It is a quadrilateral elevation,
projecting upward from the lateral
aspect of the junction of neck and
shaft.
It presents:
1. One border (upper)
2. Three surfaces (anterior, medial,
and lateral).
UPPER BORDER:
Its posterior part presents the apex
or tip of greater trochanter, which
provides attachment to the piriformis.
ANETERIOR SURFACE:
It provides attachment to the gluteus
minimus on a ridge in its lateral part.
MEDIAL SURFACE:
It presents two depressions:
A depression (trochanteric fossa) at its junction with
the neck for insertion of obturator externus.
A shallow depression above and in front of
trochanteric fossa for insertion of obturator internus
along with the gemellus superior and gemellus inferior.
LATERAL SURFACE:
It is quadrilateral and divided diagonally by an oblique
ridge into the upper and lower triangular areas.
The ridge provides attachment to the gluteus medius
muscle.
The triangular areas--anterior and posterior to the
ridge are related to the trochanteric bursae of the
gluteus medius and gluteus maximus, respectively.
v LESSER TROCHANTER:
It is a conical projection arising from
the posteromedial surface of the neck
?shaft angle.
It is directed medially.
Its apex provides attachment to the
psoas major.
Iliacus is attached to its base on the
front.
Intertrochanteric line
It continues downward and medially below the
lesser trochanter on the posterior aspect of femur
as spiral line.
It provides attachment to two ligaments and two
muscles:
(a) Capsule of the hip joint.
(b) Iliofemoral ligament (strongest ligament in the
body).
(c) Vastus lateralis to its upper end.
(d) Vastus medialis to its lower end..
Intertrochanteric crest
It extends from the posterosuperior angle of
greater trochanter to the tip of lesser trochanter.
It presents a rounded tubercle near the middle
called quadrate tubercle, which provides
insertion to the quadratus femoris.
SHAFT:
The shaft of femur presents:
1. Borders: Medial border
Lateral border
Posterior border.
2. Surfaces: (4 surfaces in upper and lower
thirds but only 3 surfaces in middle third.)
Anterior surface
Medial surface
Lateral surface.
BORDERS:
Medial border: rounded, ill defined, separates
anterior from medial surface.
Lateral border: rounded: rounded ill defined.
Separates anterior from the lateral surface.
Posterior border/ linea aspera:
It is thick roughened crest opposite the middle third
of the shaft.
Possesses a lateral and a medial lip and an
intermediate area.
Medial lip is continuous above with spiral line and
below with supra condylar ridge while the lateral lip is
continuous above with gluteal tuberosity and below
with the lateral supra condylar ridge.
SURFACES:
1. ANTERIOR SURFACE: is smooth and
convex and lies between medial and lateral
borders.
2. LATERAL SURFACE: faces backwards and
laterally and lies between lateral and posterior
borders.
3. MEDIAL SURFACE: faces backwards and
medially and lies between posterior and medial
borders. It does not give attachment to any
muscle but is covered by vastus medialis muscle.
UPPER POSTERIOR:
Lies between spiral line medially and gluteal
tuberosity laterally. spiral line is continuous
above with lower end of trochanteric line and
below with medial lip of linea aspera.
Gluteal tuberosity is a bony ridge which is
continuous below with the lateral lip of linea
aspera.
Attachments:(from lateral to medial side):
gluteus maximus, adductor magnus,
adductor brevis, pectinius, illiacus and
vastus mediallis.
LOWER POSTERIOR:
Lies between medial and lateral
supracondylar lines which are continuous
above and medial and lateral lip of linea
aspera respectively.
It is also called the popliteal surface
because it forms the floor of popliteal
fossa.
ATTACHMENTS TO THE SHAFT:
Vastus intermedius
Articularis genu
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus
Pectinius
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Biceps femoris
Plantaris
Gastrocenimius
Lateral and medial intermuscular septa are attached to the
linea aspera.
Arrangement of stuctures on linea aspera:
(medial to lateral)
1. Vastus medialis
2. Medial intermuscular septum
3. Adductor brevis ( in the upper part)
4. Adductor longus ( in the lower part)
5. Adductor magnus
6. Posterior intermuscular septum
7. Short head of biceps femoris
8. Lateral intermuscular septum
9. Vastus lateralis
10. Vastus intermedius
Mnemonic: (lateral to medial)
I- vastus INTERMEDIUS
LOVE- vastus LATERALIS
B- short head of BICEPS femoris
MR- adductor MAGNUS
B- adductor BREVIS
LOVES ? adductor LONGUS
ME- vastus MEDIALIS
LOWER END:
Broadly expanded.
To provide good bearing surface for
transmitting the body weight to the upper end
of tibia.
Has two articular surfaces: patellar and tibial
articular surface
Consists of two thick masses of bone called
medial and lateral condyles separated from
each other by intercondylar fossa.
MEDIAL CONDYLE:
More prominent.
Adductor tubercle: small projection at the
uppermost part of medial condyle. Adductor
magnus is inserted on the tubercle.
Medial epicondyle: a low rounded elevation on the
medial aspect and lies below and a little in front of
adductor tubercle. It gives attachment to medial
collateral ligament of knee.
Its lateral surface forms the medial wall of
intercondylar fossa.
LATERAL CONDYLE:
Smaller but stronger then medial condyle.
Lateral epicondyle: a low rounded elevation on
lateral aspect. It gives attachment to lateral
collateral ligament of knee.
There is a groove between the epicondyle and
articular margin.
Popliteus arises from anterior part of the groove
while its posterior part lodges the tendon of the
muscle in full flexion of knee.
Its medial surface forms lateral wall of intercondylar
fossa.
INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA/ NOTCH:
It is a deep notch, which separates two condyles
posteriorly.
It is limited posteriorly above by intercondylar line.
It presents medial and lateral walls and floor.
Medial wall of the fossa provides attachments to the
upper end of posterior cruciate ligament in its
anteroinferior part.
Lateral wall of the fossa provides attachment to the
upper end of anterior cruciate ligament in its
posterosuperior part.
MNEMONIC:
L ? Lateral condyle provides
attachment to:
A - Anterior cruciate ligament.
M - Medial condyle provides
attachment to:
P ? Posterior cruciate ligament.
ARTICULAR SURFACE:
Articular surface has the shape of
inverted `V'.
It is divided into 2 parts:
a) Upper patellar surface: for articulation
with patella.
b) Lower tibial surface: for articulation
with condyles of tibia.
PATELLAR SURFACE:
Forms the upper part of articular surface
and articulates with patella.
It extends over the anterior surface of
both condyles but more on the lateral
condyle.
It is separated from the tibial surface by
two faint grooves, each of which is
related to respective miniscus during full
extension of knee.
TIBIAL SURFACE:
Forms the posterior and inferior parts of the
articular surface of each condyle.
It is convex.
Divided into medial and lateral parts by
intercondylar fossa.
Above and in front the two parts are conyinuous
with the patellar surface.
The tibial articular surfaces articulate with the
condyles of tibia with semilunar cartilages
intervening
This post was last modified on 30 November 2021