Download MBBS Femur Lecture PPT

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) Latest Femur Lecture PPT


FEMUR

DR. LOVELY MAUSAMI
TUTOR, DEPT OF ANATOMY,
NMCH, JAMUHAR.
Longest and strongest bone in the body.
Parts:
1.Upper end
2.Shaft
3.Lower end

At the upper end it articulates with the hip
bone to form the hip joint, and at the lower end
it articulates with the patella and tibia.
The femur transmits body weight from the hip
bone to the tibia in standing position.

SIDE DETERMINATION

The side of femur is determined by holding bone

vertically in such a way that:

Its head faces upward, medially, and slightly

forward.

Long axis of the shaft is directed downward and

medially with convexity of the shaft facing
anteriorly.

Lower surfaces of both the condyles are in the same

horizontal plane.
UPPER END:

It possesses:
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Greater trochanter: 3 surfaces and 1 border
a) anterior surface
b) lateral surface
c) medial surface
d) superior border
4. Lesser trochanter

UPPER END:

vHEAD:
? Projects from the medial side of upper end

the shaft.

? Faces upward forwards and medially.
? It forms about two-third of a sphere and

articulates with the acetabulum of the hip

bone to form the hip joint.

? It presents a small pit, the fovea, just below

and behind the centre, which provides

attachment to the ligament of the head of

femur (ligamentum teres femoris).

? Lies within the capsule of hip joint.

v NECK:

It is 5 cm long and connects the head with the

shaft.

It is directed upward, medially, and slightly

forward.

The angle between its lower border and the

medial border of shaft is called neck?shaft
angle.

The neck presents two borders--upper and

lower, and two surfaces--anterior and
posterior.
UPPER BORDER:

It is concave and horizontal.

It meets the shaft near the greater trochanter.
LOWER BORDER:
It is straight and oblique.

It meets the shaft near the lesser trochanter.
ANTERIOR SURFACE:
It is flat and bears a number of oblique bony ridges.

It meets the shaft at intertrochanteric line.

It is completely intracapsular.

POSTERIOR SURFACE:

It is convex from above downward and

concave from side-to-side.

It meets the shaft at intertrochanteric

crest.

Its medial half is intracapsular.
It presents a faint groove, which lodges

the tendon of obturator externus.
v GREATER TROCHANTER:

It is a quadrilateral elevation,

projecting upward from the lateral
aspect of the junction of neck and
shaft.

It presents:
1. One border (upper)
2. Three surfaces (anterior, medial,

and lateral).


UPPER BORDER:

Its posterior part presents the apex

or tip of greater trochanter, which
provides attachment to the piriformis.

ANETERIOR SURFACE:
It provides attachment to the gluteus

minimus on a ridge in its lateral part.
MEDIAL SURFACE:

It presents two depressions:
A depression (trochanteric fossa) at its junction with

the neck for insertion of obturator externus.

A shallow depression above and in front of

trochanteric fossa for insertion of obturator internus

along with the gemellus superior and gemellus inferior.

LATERAL SURFACE:
It is quadrilateral and divided diagonally by an oblique

ridge into the upper and lower triangular areas.

The ridge provides attachment to the gluteus medius

muscle.

The triangular areas--anterior and posterior to the

ridge are related to the trochanteric bursae of the

gluteus medius and gluteus maximus, respectively.


v LESSER TROCHANTER:

It is a conical projection arising from

the posteromedial surface of the neck
?shaft angle.

It is directed medially.
Its apex provides attachment to the

psoas major.

Iliacus is attached to its base on the

front.

Intertrochanteric line

It continues downward and medially below the

lesser trochanter on the posterior aspect of femur
as spiral line.

It provides attachment to two ligaments and two

muscles:

(a) Capsule of the hip joint.

(b) Iliofemoral ligament (strongest ligament in the

body).

(c) Vastus lateralis to its upper end.

(d) Vastus medialis to its lower end..

Intertrochanteric crest

It extends from the posterosuperior angle of

greater trochanter to the tip of lesser trochanter.

It presents a rounded tubercle near the middle

called quadrate tubercle, which provides
insertion to the quadratus femoris.

SHAFT:

The shaft of femur presents:
1. Borders: Medial border
Lateral border
Posterior border.
2. Surfaces: (4 surfaces in upper and lower

thirds but only 3 surfaces in middle third.)
Anterior surface
Medial surface
Lateral surface.

BORDERS:

Medial border: rounded, ill defined, separates

anterior from medial surface.

Lateral border: rounded: rounded ill defined.

Separates anterior from the lateral surface.

Posterior border/ linea aspera:
It is thick roughened crest opposite the middle third

of the shaft.

Possesses a lateral and a medial lip and an

intermediate area.

Medial lip is continuous above with spiral line and

below with supra condylar ridge while the lateral lip is

continuous above with gluteal tuberosity and below

with the lateral supra condylar ridge.
SURFACES:

1. ANTERIOR SURFACE: is smooth and

convex and lies between medial and lateral
borders.

2. LATERAL SURFACE: faces backwards and

laterally and lies between lateral and posterior
borders.

3. MEDIAL SURFACE: faces backwards and

medially and lies between posterior and medial
borders. It does not give attachment to any
muscle but is covered by vastus medialis muscle.
UPPER POSTERIOR:

Lies between spiral line medially and gluteal

tuberosity laterally. spiral line is continuous

above with lower end of trochanteric line and

below with medial lip of linea aspera.

Gluteal tuberosity is a bony ridge which is

continuous below with the lateral lip of linea

aspera.

Attachments:(from lateral to medial side):

gluteus maximus, adductor magnus,

adductor brevis, pectinius, illiacus and

vastus mediallis.

LOWER POSTERIOR:

Lies between medial and lateral

supracondylar lines which are continuous
above and medial and lateral lip of linea
aspera respectively.

It is also called the popliteal surface

because it forms the floor of popliteal
fossa.

ATTACHMENTS TO THE SHAFT:

Vastus intermedius
Articularis genu
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus
Pectinius
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Biceps femoris
Plantaris
Gastrocenimius
Lateral and medial intermuscular septa are attached to the

linea aspera.


Arrangement of stuctures on linea aspera:
(medial to lateral)

1. Vastus medialis
2. Medial intermuscular septum
3. Adductor brevis ( in the upper part)
4. Adductor longus ( in the lower part)
5. Adductor magnus
6. Posterior intermuscular septum
7. Short head of biceps femoris
8. Lateral intermuscular septum
9. Vastus lateralis
10. Vastus intermedius
Mnemonic: (lateral to medial)

I- vastus INTERMEDIUS

LOVE- vastus LATERALIS

B- short head of BICEPS femoris

MR- adductor MAGNUS

B- adductor BREVIS

LOVES ? adductor LONGUS

ME- vastus MEDIALIS

LOWER END:

Broadly expanded.
To provide good bearing surface for

transmitting the body weight to the upper end
of tibia.

Has two articular surfaces: patellar and tibial

articular surface

Consists of two thick masses of bone called

medial and lateral condyles separated from
each other by intercondylar fossa.

MEDIAL CONDYLE:

More prominent.

Adductor tubercle: small projection at the

uppermost part of medial condyle. Adductor
magnus is inserted on the tubercle.

Medial epicondyle: a low rounded elevation on the

medial aspect and lies below and a little in front of
adductor tubercle. It gives attachment to medial
collateral ligament of knee.

Its lateral surface forms the medial wall of

intercondylar fossa.
LATERAL CONDYLE:

Smaller but stronger then medial condyle.

Lateral epicondyle: a low rounded elevation on

lateral aspect. It gives attachment to lateral
collateral ligament of knee.

There is a groove between the epicondyle and

articular margin.

Popliteus arises from anterior part of the groove

while its posterior part lodges the tendon of the
muscle in full flexion of knee.

Its medial surface forms lateral wall of intercondylar

fossa.
INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA/ NOTCH:

It is a deep notch, which separates two condyles

posteriorly.

It is limited posteriorly above by intercondylar line.

It presents medial and lateral walls and floor.

Medial wall of the fossa provides attachments to the

upper end of posterior cruciate ligament in its
anteroinferior part.

Lateral wall of the fossa provides attachment to the

upper end of anterior cruciate ligament in its
posterosuperior part.

MNEMONIC:

L ? Lateral condyle provides

attachment to:

A - Anterior cruciate ligament.
M - Medial condyle provides

attachment to:

P ? Posterior cruciate ligament.
ARTICULAR SURFACE:

Articular surface has the shape of

inverted `V'.

It is divided into 2 parts:
a) Upper patellar surface: for articulation

with patella.

b) Lower tibial surface: for articulation

with condyles of tibia.

PATELLAR SURFACE:

Forms the upper part of articular surface

and articulates with patella.

It extends over the anterior surface of

both condyles but more on the lateral
condyle.

It is separated from the tibial surface by

two faint grooves, each of which is
related to respective miniscus during full
extension of knee.
TIBIAL SURFACE:

Forms the posterior and inferior parts of the

articular surface of each condyle.

It is convex.

Divided into medial and lateral parts by

intercondylar fossa.

Above and in front the two parts are conyinuous

with the patellar surface.

The tibial articular surfaces articulate with the

condyles of tibia with semilunar cartilages
intervening

This post was last modified on 30 November 2021