Download MBBS Hormone 1 Lecture PPT

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Bayliss in 1905.

o Hormones are the chemical messengers produced by

endocrine gland and transported by blood to other

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tissue or organ where these stimulate a change in

some metabolic activity.

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o They are produced from by one type of cell and have

regulatory effect on the activities of other type of cell

or on itself.

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o The tissue or organ stimulated by a specific hormone

are called Target Tissue/ Target organ

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o .

Hormones act on specific cells and organs called

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target cell or target organ.

o Target cell or organ is that cell which has specific

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receptors for the hormone which bind to them

with or without any demonstratable biochemical

or physiological response

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o Concentration of hormone is very low in blood

but..

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o Presence of receptors on target tissue
Specific binding between hormone and receptor
Very high local concentration
o Makes the target tissue highly specific to

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hormones
CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONES BY

MECHANISM OF ACTION

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I. Hormones that bind to intracellular receptors

1. Androgens
2. Calcitriol (1,25[OH]2-D3)
3. Estrogens

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4. Glucocorticoids
5. Mineralocorticoids
6. Progestins
7. Retinoic acid
8. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

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II. HORMONES THAT BIND TO CELL SURFACE

RECEPTOR

A. The second messenger is cAMP

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? 2-Adrenergic catecholamines
? -Adrenergic catecholamines
? Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
? Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
? Calcitonin

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? Human Chorionic gonadotropin, (HCG)
? Corticotropin-releasing hormone
? Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
? Glucagon
? Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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? Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
? Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
? Somatostatin
? Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH
B. The second messenger is cGMP

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? Atrial natriuretic factor
? Nitric oxide
C. The second messenger is calcium or

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phosphatidylinositols (or both)
? Acetylcholine (muscarinic)
? 1-Adrenergic catecholamines
? Angiotensin II
? Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

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? Cholecystokinin
? Gastrin
? Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
? Oxytocin
? Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH

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D. The second messenger is a kinase or phosphatase

cascade

? Adiponectin

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? Chorionic somatomammotropin
? Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
? Erythropoietin (EPO)
? Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
? Growth hormone (GH)

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? Insulin
? Insulin-like growth factors I and II
? Leptin
? Nerve growth factor (NGF)
? Platelet-derived growth factor

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? Prolactin


HORMONES

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STIMULUS
PROPERTY

GROUP I

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GROUPII

1.HORMONES

Adrenal steroids, thyroid Hypothalamic

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hormones,

hormones, sex hormones, pituitary

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hormones,

calcitriol ,retinoids

pancreatic

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hormones,

Adrenal hormones

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2.Chemical nature

Steroids,

iodothyronines, Peptides & polypeptides,

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retinoids

proteins,

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glycoproteins,

Catecholamines

3.Solubility

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Hydrophobic,

Water Hydrophilic Water soluble

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insoluble

4.Transport Protein

Required

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Not required

5.Receptors location

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Cytoplasm and nucleus

Cell membrane

6.Mediators of action

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Hormone

-Receptors cAMP

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Complex

cGMP
Ca ++
Phosphoinositides,

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kinase Cascade etc.
SUBCLASSIFICATION OF GROUP II.A HORMONES

Hormones That Stimulate Hormones

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That

Inhibit

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Adenylyl Cyclase (HS)

Adenylyl Cyclase (HI)

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ACTH

Acetylcholine

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ADH

2-Adrenergics

-Adrenergics

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Angiotensin II

Calcitonin

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Somatostatin

CRH

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Glucagon

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TSH