FirstRanker Logo

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice is a hub of Question Papers & Study Materials for B-Tech, B.E, M-Tech, MCA, M.Sc, MBBS, BDS, MBA, B.Sc, Degree, B.Sc Nursing, B-Pharmacy, D-Pharmacy, MD, Medical, Dental, Engineering students. All services of FirstRanker.com are FREE

📱

Get the MBBS Question Bank Android App

Access previous years' papers, solved question papers, notes, and more on the go!

Install From Play Store

Download MBBS Knee Joint Lecture PPT

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) Latest Knee Joint Lecture PPT

This post was last modified on 30 November 2021

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

largest and most

complicated joint in the

body.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


? It is a modified hinge

variety of synovial joint (

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

because it allows some

rotatory movements

beside flexion and

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


extension )
? It consists of 3 joints

1. Medial condylar joint -

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---


between the medial condyle of

the femur & medial condyle of

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Tibia.

2. Lateral condylar joint ?

between the lateral

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


condyle of tibia & lateral

condyle of femur.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

3. Patellofemoral joint ?

between the patella &

Patellar(trochlear) surface of

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---


the femur



--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---



TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT

PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---


? The patellofemoral joint is composed of the

suprapatellar pouch, the patella bone, trochlear

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

surface, the medial and lateral femoral condyles, and

the medial and lateral patellofemoral ligaments


--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

CAPSULE


SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

LIGAMENTS

? CORONARY LIGAMENT.

? LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---


? ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.

? POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? TIBIAL/MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT.

? FIBULAR/LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT.

? OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


? ARCUATE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT.

? MEDIAL MENISCUS.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? LATERAL MENISCUS.

? TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT.


--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

CORONARY LIGAMENT


LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Attaches the

Patella to the Tibia.

It is the continuation

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---


of the tendon of

Quadriceps Femoris
CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---




ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? the anterior cruciate ligament attaches to

a facet on the anterior part of the

intercondylar area of the tibia and ascends

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


posteriorly to attach to a

facet at the back of the lateral wall of the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

intercondylar fossa of the femur.

? The anterior cruciate ligament crosses

lateral to the posterior cruciate ligament as

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


they pass through the intercondylar region.

? The anterior cruciate ligament prevents

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

anterior displacement of the tibia relative to

the femur.

? it is taut during knee extension

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---



POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

? the posterior cruciate ligament

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---


attaches to the posterior aspect of

the intercondylar area of the tibia

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

and ascends anteriorly to attach to

the medial wall of the intercondylar

fossa of the femur.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---


? posterior cruciate ligament

restricts posterior displacement.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? it tauts during knee flexion


MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (MCL)

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

OR TIBIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

? Is attached superiorly to the medial

condyle of the femur just below

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


adductor tubercle.

? Inferiorly it divides into superficial

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

and deep

? Superficial part attached to the

upper third of the tibia, as far down

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


as the tibial tuberosity

? The deep portion, which is short,

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

fuses with the capsule and with the

medial meniscus

? A bursa usually separates the two

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---


parts

? MCL, tightens in extension

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---


LATERAL/FIBULAR COLLATERAL

LIGAMENT (LCL)

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Superiorly attached to lateral

condyle of femur just above popliteal

groove.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


? Inferiorly embraced with tendon of

biceps femoris and attached to head

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

of fibula in front of its apex.

? Seperated from lateral meniscus by

popliteal tendon and fibrous capsule

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---



Oblique Popliteal Ligament

? It is an expansion from the

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---


semimembranosus tendon

close to its insertion to the

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

tibia.

? Oblique popliteal ligament

passes upwards and laterally.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


? Fuses with the Fabella if

present

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---



MENISCI


--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---





BURSAE AROUND KNEE JOINT

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---


There are about 12 bursae around the knee, four

anterior, three lateral, three medial, and two

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

posterior.


ANTERIOR BURSAE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Suprapatellar bursa

?Subcutaneous

Prepatellar bursa

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


? Subcutaneous

infrapatellar bursa

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Deep infrapatellar

bursa

LATERAL & MEDIAL BURSAE

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

POSTERIOR BURSAE

1. The bursa between the lateral head of

gastrocnemius and capsule of the joint.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---


2. The bursa between the medial head of

gastrocnemius and capsule of the joint (Brodie's

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

bursa).




--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---



MOVEMENTS

The following movements occur at the knee joints:

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---


1. Flexion

2. Extension } Main/active movements.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Medial rotation

4. Lateral rotation } Conjunct movements.


--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FLEXION & EXTENSION

These movements occur in the upper meniscofemoral compartment of

the joint, i.e., above the menisci.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---


In flexion the angle between the posterior thigh and leg is decreased

whereas in extension the angle between the posterior thigh and leg is

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

increased (i.e., return from the flexion back to the anatomical position).


MEDIAL& LATERAL ROTATION

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

These movements take place in the lower meniscotibial

compartment of the joint, i.e., below the menisci. These

movements occur around the vertical axis.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


The medial and lateral rotations usually occur with flexion

and extension (conjunct rotations) but may occur

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

independently if the knee is flexed (adjunct rotations).



CLINICAL CORRELATION

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---


Injury of cruciate ligaments of the knee joint:

A, rupture of anterior cruciate ligament (positive anterior

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Drawer's sign); B, rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament

(positive posterior Drawer's sign).