Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) Latest Knee Joint Lecture PPT
INTRODUCTION
? The knee joint is the
largest and most
complicated joint in the
body.
? It is a modified hinge
variety of synovial joint (
because it allows some
rotatory movements
beside flexion and
extension )
? It consists of 3 joints
1. Medial condylar joint -
between the medial condyle of
the femur & medial condyle of
Tibia.
2. Lateral condylar joint ?
between the lateral
condyle of tibia & lateral
condyle of femur.
3. Patellofemoral joint ?
between the patella &
Patellar(trochlear) surface of
the femur
TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT
PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
? The patellofemoral joint is composed of the
suprapatellar pouch, the patella bone, trochlear
surface, the medial and lateral femoral condyles, and
the medial and lateral patellofemoral ligaments
CAPSULE
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
LIGAMENTS
? CORONARY LIGAMENT.
? LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE.
? ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.
? POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.
? TIBIAL/MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT.
? FIBULAR/LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT.
? OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT.
? ARCUATE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT.
? MEDIAL MENISCUS.
? LATERAL MENISCUS.
? TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT.
CORONARY LIGAMENT
LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE
Attaches the
Patella to the Tibia.
It is the continuation
of the tendon of
Quadriceps Femoris
CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
? the anterior cruciate ligament attaches to
a facet on the anterior part of the
intercondylar area of the tibia and ascends
posteriorly to attach to a
facet at the back of the lateral wall of the
intercondylar fossa of the femur.
? The anterior cruciate ligament crosses
lateral to the posterior cruciate ligament as
they pass through the intercondylar region.
? The anterior cruciate ligament prevents
anterior displacement of the tibia relative to
the femur.
? it is taut during knee extension
POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
? the posterior cruciate ligament
attaches to the posterior aspect of
the intercondylar area of the tibia
and ascends anteriorly to attach to
the medial wall of the intercondylar
fossa of the femur.
? posterior cruciate ligament
restricts posterior displacement.
? it tauts during knee flexion
MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (MCL)
OR TIBIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
? Is attached superiorly to the medial
condyle of the femur just below
adductor tubercle.
? Inferiorly it divides into superficial
and deep
? Superficial part attached to the
upper third of the tibia, as far down
as the tibial tuberosity
? The deep portion, which is short,
fuses with the capsule and with the
medial meniscus
? A bursa usually separates the two
parts
? MCL, tightens in extension
LATERAL/FIBULAR COLLATERAL
LIGAMENT (LCL)
? Superiorly attached to lateral
condyle of femur just above popliteal
groove.
? Inferiorly embraced with tendon of
biceps femoris and attached to head
of fibula in front of its apex.
? Seperated from lateral meniscus by
popliteal tendon and fibrous capsule
Oblique Popliteal Ligament
? It is an expansion from the
semimembranosus tendon
close to its insertion to the
tibia.
? Oblique popliteal ligament
passes upwards and laterally.
? Fuses with the Fabella if
present
MENISCI
BURSAE AROUND KNEE JOINT
There are about 12 bursae around the knee, four
anterior, three lateral, three medial, and two
posterior.
ANTERIOR BURSAE
? Suprapatellar bursa
?Subcutaneous
Prepatellar bursa
? Subcutaneous
infrapatellar bursa
? Deep infrapatellar
bursa
LATERAL & MEDIAL BURSAE
POSTERIOR BURSAE
1. The bursa between the lateral head of
gastrocnemius and capsule of the joint.
2. The bursa between the medial head of
gastrocnemius and capsule of the joint (Brodie's
bursa).
MOVEMENTS
The following movements occur at the knee joints:
1. Flexion
2. Extension } Main/active movements.
3. Medial rotation
4. Lateral rotation } Conjunct movements.
FLEXION & EXTENSION
These movements occur in the upper meniscofemoral compartment of
the joint, i.e., above the menisci.
In flexion the angle between the posterior thigh and leg is decreased
whereas in extension the angle between the posterior thigh and leg is
increased (i.e., return from the flexion back to the anatomical position).
MEDIAL& LATERAL ROTATION
These movements take place in the lower meniscotibial
compartment of the joint, i.e., below the menisci. These
movements occur around the vertical axis.
The medial and lateral rotations usually occur with flexion
and extension (conjunct rotations) but may occur
independently if the knee is flexed (adjunct rotations).
CLINICAL CORRELATION
Injury of cruciate ligaments of the knee joint:
A, rupture of anterior cruciate ligament (positive anterior
Drawer's sign); B, rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament
(positive posterior Drawer's sign).
This post was last modified on 30 November 2021