Download MBBS Knee Joint Lecture PPT

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) Latest Knee Joint Lecture PPT


INTRODUCTION

? The knee joint is the

largest and most

complicated joint in the

body.

? It is a modified hinge

variety of synovial joint (

because it allows some

rotatory movements

beside flexion and

extension )
? It consists of 3 joints

1. Medial condylar joint -

between the medial condyle of

the femur & medial condyle of

Tibia.

2. Lateral condylar joint ?

between the lateral

condyle of tibia & lateral

condyle of femur.

3. Patellofemoral joint ?

between the patella &

Patellar(trochlear) surface of

the femur





TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT

PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT

? The patellofemoral joint is composed of the

suprapatellar pouch, the patella bone, trochlear

surface, the medial and lateral femoral condyles, and

the medial and lateral patellofemoral ligaments


CAPSULE


SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

LIGAMENTS

? CORONARY LIGAMENT.

? LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE.

? ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.

? POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.

? TIBIAL/MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT.

? FIBULAR/LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT.

? OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT.

? ARCUATE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT.

? MEDIAL MENISCUS.

? LATERAL MENISCUS.

? TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT.


CORONARY LIGAMENT


LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE

Attaches the

Patella to the Tibia.

It is the continuation

of the tendon of

Quadriceps Femoris
CRUCIATE LIGAMENT



ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

? the anterior cruciate ligament attaches to

a facet on the anterior part of the

intercondylar area of the tibia and ascends

posteriorly to attach to a

facet at the back of the lateral wall of the

intercondylar fossa of the femur.

? The anterior cruciate ligament crosses

lateral to the posterior cruciate ligament as

they pass through the intercondylar region.

? The anterior cruciate ligament prevents

anterior displacement of the tibia relative to

the femur.

? it is taut during knee extension


POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

? the posterior cruciate ligament

attaches to the posterior aspect of

the intercondylar area of the tibia

and ascends anteriorly to attach to

the medial wall of the intercondylar

fossa of the femur.

? posterior cruciate ligament

restricts posterior displacement.

? it tauts during knee flexion


MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (MCL)

OR TIBIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

? Is attached superiorly to the medial

condyle of the femur just below

adductor tubercle.

? Inferiorly it divides into superficial

and deep

? Superficial part attached to the

upper third of the tibia, as far down

as the tibial tuberosity

? The deep portion, which is short,

fuses with the capsule and with the

medial meniscus

? A bursa usually separates the two

parts

? MCL, tightens in extension


LATERAL/FIBULAR COLLATERAL

LIGAMENT (LCL)

? Superiorly attached to lateral

condyle of femur just above popliteal

groove.

? Inferiorly embraced with tendon of

biceps femoris and attached to head

of fibula in front of its apex.

? Seperated from lateral meniscus by

popliteal tendon and fibrous capsule


Oblique Popliteal Ligament

? It is an expansion from the

semimembranosus tendon

close to its insertion to the

tibia.

? Oblique popliteal ligament

passes upwards and laterally.

? Fuses with the Fabella if

present



MENISCI






BURSAE AROUND KNEE JOINT

There are about 12 bursae around the knee, four

anterior, three lateral, three medial, and two

posterior.


ANTERIOR BURSAE

? Suprapatellar bursa

?Subcutaneous

Prepatellar bursa

? Subcutaneous

infrapatellar bursa

? Deep infrapatellar

bursa

LATERAL & MEDIAL BURSAE
POSTERIOR BURSAE

1. The bursa between the lateral head of

gastrocnemius and capsule of the joint.

2. The bursa between the medial head of

gastrocnemius and capsule of the joint (Brodie's

bursa).






MOVEMENTS

The following movements occur at the knee joints:

1. Flexion

2. Extension } Main/active movements.

3. Medial rotation

4. Lateral rotation } Conjunct movements.


FLEXION & EXTENSION

These movements occur in the upper meniscofemoral compartment of

the joint, i.e., above the menisci.

In flexion the angle between the posterior thigh and leg is decreased

whereas in extension the angle between the posterior thigh and leg is

increased (i.e., return from the flexion back to the anatomical position).


MEDIAL& LATERAL ROTATION

These movements take place in the lower meniscotibial

compartment of the joint, i.e., below the menisci. These

movements occur around the vertical axis.

The medial and lateral rotations usually occur with flexion

and extension (conjunct rotations) but may occur

independently if the knee is flexed (adjunct rotations).



CLINICAL CORRELATION

Injury of cruciate ligaments of the knee joint:

A, rupture of anterior cruciate ligament (positive anterior

Drawer's sign); B, rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament

(positive posterior Drawer's sign).

This post was last modified on 30 November 2021