MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
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TESTIS? Lies outside body cavity in the scrotum.
? Shape-- Ovoid, length-- 5cm, diameter--
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2.5cm? Weight --10-15gm
? Tunica albuginea--white fibrous connective
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tissue capsule.? Tunica vasculosa--highly vascularized
connective tissue below tunica albuginea.
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? Mediastinum of testis--formed by dense
connective tissue of tunica albuginea projection
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into interior of posterior border of testis.? Mediastinum of testis--blood vessels, nerves and
ducts of testis enter and leave.
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? Connective tissue septa extend between
mediastinum and tunica albuginea and divide it
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into 250 compartment called as lobule.? Each lobule contains 2-3 seminiferous tubule.
? Seminiferous tubule--
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? Lined with a stratified epithelium called thegerminal epithelium
? Contains two cell types
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? Spermatogenic cells that produce sperm? Sertoli cells that support and nourish the
developing sperm.
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? Leydig cells--Larger in size (15?20 m)
--Polyhedral in shape
--Secrete hormone testosterone-- responsible
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for spermatogenesis and the development of
male secondary sexual characters.
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? Straight tubule (Tubuli Recti)--final portion ofseminiferous tubule.
? Rete Testis--anastomosing channel in the
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mediastinum that drain straight tubule.
? Efferent ducts--they collect sperm from rete
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testis.? Efferent ducts consists of 12-15 coiled tube that
coalesce to form head of epididymis.
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Histology of testis
? Epididymis--
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? Efferent ducts fuse to form this, highly coiled tube.? Parts--Head, body and tail.
? Lining epithelium-- Pseudostratified columnar.
? Tail of epididymis continuous with ductus
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deferens.? Function-- Storage and maturation of sperm.
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Epididymis? Ductus (vas) deferens--
? Thick muscular tube extending from tail of
epididymis to prostatic part of urethra.
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? Layers in vas deferens:--
? Mucosa--lining epithelium pseudostratified
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columnar with stereocilia.? Muscle layer--
? Outer-- longitudinal
? Middle-- circular
? Inner-- longitudinal
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? Adventitia-- loose areolar tissue
Histology of vas deferens
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SEMINAL VESICLE? Elongated sac like with highly convulated
irregular lumen.
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? It joins with ductus deferens form ejaculatory
duct.
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? Layers of seminal vesicle:--? Mucosa-- Thrown into highly complex folds.
? These folds join with each other to form many
crypts and cavities.
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? Epithelium-- Pseudostratified columnar? Muscle layer--
? Inner-- Circular ,
? Outer-- Longitudinal
? Adventitia-- Loose connective tissue.
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? Secretes-- Seminal fluid that containsfructose and prostaglandin and constitute
about 70% of ejaculate.
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Histology of seminal vesicle
PROSTATE
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? Composed of 20-50 compound tubulo-alveolarglands.
? Embedded in a framework of fibromuscular tissue.
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? Arranged in 3 groupsi)Mucosal
ii)Submucosal
iii)Peripheral zone.
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? Histologically the prostate is made of fibromuscularstroma and parenchyma.
? 1)Stroma (connective tissue framework)
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i) Fibromuscular capsule? Enclosing the wholegland and consist of collagen, elastic and smooth
muscle fibres.
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ii) Fibromuscular septa? Divide the gland into
lobule.
? 2)Parenchyma (glandular tissue)
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--Consist of large number of branching tubules withdilated ends.
--They appears as follicles, and lined by simple
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columnar epithelium.
--The lumen may contain spherical prostatic
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concretions or corpora amylacea? Amyloid bodies (corpora amylacea)
? Present in lumen of some gland.
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? Oval dense bodies of glycoproteins.? Formed due to condensation of secretory
products, which may become calcified.
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? The number of corpora amylacea increase with
age.
Changes in prostate with age
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? In childhood
? Small and composed of mainly fibromuscular
stroma and rudimentary ducts.
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? At puberty
? Sudden increase in size of gland due to formation
of many follicles.
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? During 3rd decade
? Irregular epithelial infolding in the lumen of
follicle.
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? During 4th decade? Size remains constant.
? Infolding disappear.
? Amyloid bodies appear in follicle.
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? During 5th decade? Undergo benign hypertrophy (submucosal
gland)
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? Peripheral zone is prone to cancer.SELF ASSESMENT
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. The epithelium lining of epididymis is
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(a) Simple columnar(b) Transitional
(c) Stratified columnar
(d) Pseudostratified columnar
2.How many seminiferous tubules are found in
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each testis of an average man?
a. 4-6
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b. 40-60c. 400-600
d. 4000-6000
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3.Which cells produce testosterone?a. Leydig cells
b. Sertoli cells
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c. Sustentacular cells
d. None
4.Storage and maturation of sperm occurs in
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a. Seminiferous tubuleb. Straight tubule
c. Epididymis
d. Rete Testis
5. Corpora amylacea is seen in:
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a. Prostateb. Seminal vesicle
c. Thymus
d. Testis
6.How many layers of smooth muscle are in the
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vas deferens?
a. 1
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b. 2c. 3
d. 4
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7.Pair structures are all excepta) Testis
b) Vas deferens
c) Prostate
d) Seminal vesicle
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Answers1. (d) Pseudostratified columnar
2. (c). 400-600
3. (b). Sertoli cells
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4. (c). Epididymis5. (a). Prostate
6. (c). 3
7.(c) Prostate
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