living organisms
Study of human nutrition can be divided in to three
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areas i.e under nutrition, over nutrition and ideal
nutrition
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Various dietary components required for optimalnutrition are carbohhydrates,lipids ,proteins,vitamins
and minerals
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Importance of CarbohydratesThe dietary carbohydrates provide a major fraction of
the body's energy needs
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Ideally carbohydrates may provide about 60-65% of
the total calories
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The carbohydrates in diet may be available orunavailable
The available carbohydrates can be metabolized by
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the body to give energy e.g. starch
The unavailable carbohydrates can not be assimilated
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and constitute only the dietary fiber.Dietary Fiber
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The unavailable or indigestible carbohydrates in the
diet is called dietary fibre
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Fibres are also known as roughage or bulkFunctional fiber are isolated nondigestible
carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological
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effects in humansDietary fibers have different chemical and physical
properties
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They have been mainly classified in to two types
1.Soluble
2. Insoluble
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Importance of dietary fibers
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Cellulose , hemicellulose and lignin absorb water andincrease stool bulk and thus decreases intestinal
transit time and are associated with the effect of fiber
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on regularity
They decrease intracolonic pressure and appear to
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play a beneficial role with respect to diverticulardiseases
By diluting out potential carcinogens and speeding
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their transit through the colon, they may also play a
role in reducing the risk of colon cancer
Mucilaginous fibres such as pectin and gums,tend to form
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viscous gels in stomach and small intestine and slow the
rate of gastric emptying,thus slowing the rate of
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absorption of cholesterol and carbohydratesPectin and gums bind bile acids and increases their
excretion and thus lowering the cholesterol level in blood
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Fiber rich diet being indigestable giving a feeling of fullness
without consumption of excess calories and thus prevent
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us from obesity and its associated complications