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  • JNTU-KAKINADA : Syllabus and Course Structure – M.Tech (Control Systems).

    JNTU-KAKINADA : Syllabus and Course Structure – M.Tech (Control Systems).

    1.2 Course Structure and scheme of evaluation (Semester – wise)

    Name of the Subject Hrs. / Week

    L   T     P

    		 Evaluation (Marks)
    Internal

    (Theory)

    		 External

    (Practical)

    		 Total
    I-SEMESTER

    1. Advanced Control theory
    2. Digital Control Systems
    3. Random Variable Stochastic Process
    4. Micro Controller & Applications
    5. Elective-I
      1. Computer Controlled Systems
      2. Control of Special Machines
    6. Elective-II

    i. System Identifications and Parameter Estimations

    ii. Computation Techniques and Optimization

    7.  Control Systems Simulation Lab

    4    –     –

    4    –     –

    4    –     –

    4    –     –

    4    –     –

    4    –     –

    4    –     –

    –     –    3

    40

    40

    40

    40

    40

    40

    40

    40

    60

    60

    60

    60

    60

    60

    60

    60

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100
    II-SEMESTER

    1. Robotics and Control
    2. Non-Linear Systems Analysis
    3. Advanced Digital Signal Processing
    4. Optimal Control Theory
    5. Elective-III

    i. A I Techniques

    ii. Embedded Real Time Operating System EMS

    1. Elective-IV

    i. Renewable Energy Sources

    ii. Power Quality Management

    7.   Advance Control System Lab

    4    –     –

    4    –     –

    4    –     –

    4    –     –

    4    –     –

    4    –     –

    4    –     –

    –     –    3

    40

    40

    40

    40

    40

    40

    40

    40

    60

    60

    60

    60

    60

    60

    60

    60

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100
    III & IV SEMESTERS

    1.  Seminar                                                                                                   50 (Internal Evaluation)

    2.  Project Work                                                                                      Grading

    (Excellent / Good / Satisfactory / Not Satisfactory)

    SEMESTER – I

    1. ADVANCED CONTROL THEORY

    Unit  I

    Introductory matrix algebra and linear vector space. State space representation of systems. Linearization of a non – linear System. Solution of state equations. Evaluation of State Transition Matrix (STM) – Simulation of state equation using MATLAB/ SIMULINK program.

    Unit II

    Similarity transformation and invariance of system properties due to similarity transformations. Minimal realization of SISO, SIMO, MISO transfer functions. Discretization of a continuous time state space model. Conversion of state space model to transfer function model using Fadeeva algorithm.

    Unit  III

    Fundamental theorem of feedback control – Controllability and Controllable canonical form – Pole assignment by state feedback using Ackermann’s formula – Eigen structure assignment problem.

    Unit  IV

    Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) problem and solution of algebraic Riccati equation using eigenvalue and eigen vector methods, iterative method. Controller design using output feedback.

    Unit  V

    Observability and observable canonical form – Design of full order observer using Ackermann’s formula – Bass Gura algorithm.

    Unit VI

    Duality between controllability and observability – Full order Observer based controller design. Reduced order observer design.

    Unit VII

    Internal stability of a system. Stability in the sense of Lyapunov, asymptotic stability of linear time invariant continuous and discrete time systems. Solution of Lyapunov  type equation.

    Unit VIII

    Model decomposition and decoupling by state feedback. Disturbance rejection, sensitivity and complementary sensitivity functions.

    Reference Books:

    1.   K. Ogata, Modern Control Engineering,   Prentice Hall, India 1997

    2.   T. Kailath, T.,  Linear Systems, Perntice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1980.

    3.   N. K. Sinha , Control Systems, New Age International, 3rd edition, 2005.

    4.   Panos J Antsaklis, and Anthony N. Michel, Linear Systems, New – age international (P) LTD.

    Publishers, 2009.

    5.   John J D’Azzo and C. H. Houpis , “Linear Control System Analysis and Design Conventional

    and Modern”, McGraw – Hill Book Company, 1988.

    6.   B.N. Dutta, Numerical Methods for linear Control Systems – , Elsevier Publication, 2007.

    7.   C.T.Chen Linear System Theory and Design –  PHI, India.

    8.   Richard C. Dorf and Robert H. Bishop, Modern Control Systems, 11th Edition, Pearson Edu, India, 2009.

    2. DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

    UNIT  I:

    Introduction  –  Advantages of Digital control systems  –  Practical aspects of the choice of sampling rate and multirate sampling  –  Basic discrete time signals  –  Quantization – Sampling theorem  – Data conversion and Quantization –  Sampling process –  Mathematical modeling –  Data reconstruction and filtering of sampled signals – zero – order hold.

    UNIT  II:

    z –  transform and inverse z – transform, Relationship between s –  plane and z –  plane –  Difference equation – Solution by recursion and z – transform –  pulse transfer functions of the zero – order Hold and relationship between G(s) and G(z)– Bilinear transformation .

    UNIT  III:

    Digital control systems –  Pulse transfer function –  z transform analysis of open loop, closed loop systems –  Modified z Transform  –  transfer function –  Stability of linear digital control systems –  Stability tests.

    UNIT  IV:

    Root loci  –  Frequency domain analysis –  Bode plots –  Gain margin and phase margin – Design of Digital Control Systems based on Root Locus Technique.

    UNIT  V:

    Cascade and feedback compensation by continuous data controllers – Digital controllers – Design using bilinear transformation – Realization of Digital PID controllers.

    UNIT  VI:

    State equations of discrete data systems, solution of discrete state equations, State transition Matrix: z – transform method. Relation between state equations and transfer functions.

    UNIT VII

    Concepts on Controllability and Observability – Digital state observer: Design of the full order and reduced order state observer – Pole placement design by state feed back.

    UNIT VIII:

    Design of Dead beat Controller – some case studies – Stability analysis of discrete time systems based on Lyapunov approach.

    Reference Books:

    1. K. Ogata, Discrete Time Control Systems, PHI/Addison – Wesley Longman Pte. Ltd., India, Delhi, 1995.
    2. B.C Kuo, Digital Control Systems, 2nd Edition, Oxford Univ Press, Inc., 1992.

    3.   F. Franklin, J.D. Powell, and M.L. Workman, Digital control of Dynamic Systems,

    Addison – Wesley Longman, Inc., Menlo Park, CA , 1998.

    4.  Gopal, Digital Control and State Variable Methods, Tata McGraw Hill, India, 1997.

    5.   C. H. Houpis and G.B. Lamont, Digital Control Systems, McGraw Hill, 1985.

    6.   John S. Baey, Fundamentals of Linear State Space Systems,  Mc. Graw – Hill, 1st edition

    7.   Bernard Fried Land, Control System Design, Mc. Graw – Hill, 1st edition

    8.   Dorsay, Continuous and Discrete Control Systems, McGraw – Hill.

    3. RANDOM VARIABLE STOCHASTIC PROCESS

    Unit I: Probability:

    Probability introduced through Sets and Relative Frequency: Experiments and Sample Spaces, Discrete and Continuous Sample Spaces, Events, Probability Definitions and Axioms, Mathematical Model of Experiments, Probability as a Relative Frequency, Joint Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability, Bayes’ Theorem, Independent Events:

    Unit II: The Random Variable:

    Definition of a Random Variable, Conditions for a Function to be a Random Variable, Discrete and Continuous, Mixed Random Variable, Distribution and Density functions, Properties, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Gaussian, Exponential, Rayleigh, Conditional Distribution, Methods of defining Conditioning Event, Conditional Density, Properties.

    Unit III: Operation On One Random Variable – Expectations :

    Introduction, Expected Value of a Random Variable, Function of a Random Variable, Moments about the Origin, Central Moments, Variance and Skew, Chebychev’s Inequality,  Characteristic Function, Moment Generating Function,  Transformations of a Random Variable: Monotonic Transformations for a Continuous Random Variable, Nonmonotonic Transformations of Continuous Random Variable, Transformation of a Discrete Random Variable.

    Unit IV: Multiple Random Variables:

    Vector Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function, Properties of Joint Distribution, Marginal Distribution Functions, Conditional Distribution and Density – Point Conditioning, Conditional Distribution and Density – Interval conditioning, Statistical Independence, Sum of Two Random

    Variables, Sum of Several Random Variables, Central Limit Theorem, (Proof not expected). Unequal Distribution, Equal Distributions.

    Unit V: Operations On Multiple Random Variables:

    Expected Value of a Function of Random Variables: Joint Moments about the Origin, Joint Central Moments, Joint Characteristic Functions, Jointly Gaussian Random Variables: Two Random Variables case, N Random Variable case, Properties, Transformations of Multiple Random Variables, Linear Transformations of Gaussian Random Variables.

    Unit VI: Random Processes – Temporal Characteristics:

    The Random Process Concept, Classification of Processes, Deterministic and Nondeterministic Processes, Distribution and Density Functions, concept of Stationarity and Statistical Independence. First-Order Stationary Processes, Second- Order and Wide-Sense Stationarity, (N-Order) and Strict-Sense Stationarity, Time Averages and Ergodicity, Mean-Ergodic Processes, Correlation-Ergodic Processes, Autocorrelation Function and Its Properties, Cross-Correlation Function and Its Properties, Covariance Functions,  Gaussian Random Processes, Poisson Random Process.

    Unit VII: Random Processes – Spectral Characteristics:

    The Power Spectrum: Properties, Relationship between Power Spectrum and Autocorrelation Function, The Cross-Power Density Spectrum, Properties, Relationship between Cross-Power Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Function.

    Unit VIII: Linear Systems With Random Inputs:

    Random Signal Response of Linear Systems: System Response – Convolution, Mean and Mean-squared Value of System Response, autocorrelation Function of Response, Cross-Correlation Functions of Input and Output, Spectral Characteristics of System Response: Power Density Spectrum of Response, Cross-Power Density Spectrums of Input and Output, Band pass, Band-Limited and Narrowband Processes, Properties, Modeling of Noise Sources: Resistive (Thermal) Noise Source, Arbitrary Noise Sources, Effective Noise Temperature, Average Noise Figures, Average Noise Figure of cascaded networks.

    Reference Books:

    1. Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles – Peyton Z. Peebles, TMH, 4th

    Edition, 2001.

    2. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes – Athanasios Papoulis and S.

    Unnikrishna Pillai, PHI, 4th Edition, 2002.

    3. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, A. Papoulis, International student

    edition, Kogakusha Ltd., New Delhi.

    4. Communication Systems Analog & Digital – R.P. Singh and S.D. Sapre, TMH, 1995.

    5. Probability and Random Processes with Application to Signal Processing – Henry Stark and

    John W. Woods, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition.

    6. Probability Methods of Signal and System Analysis. George R. Cooper, Clave D. MC Gillem,

    Oxford, 3rd Edition, 1999.

    7. Statistical Theory of Communication – S.P. Eugene Xavier, New Age Publications, 2003.

    8. Signals, Systems & Communications – B.P. Lathi, B.S. Publications, 2003

    4. MICRO CONTROLLER & APPLICATIONS

    Unit-I: 8051 Microcontrollers

    Introduction to Intel 8 bit & 16 bit Microcontrollers, MCS-51 Architecture, Registers in MCS-51, 8051 Pin Description, 8051 Connections, 8051 Parallel I/O Ports, Memory Organization

    Unit II: MCS-51 Addressing Modes and Instructions

    8051 Addressing Modes, MCS-51 Instruction Set, 8051 Instructions and Simple Programs, Using Stack Pointer, 8051 Assembly Language Programming, Development Systems and Tools, Software Simulators of 8051

    Unit-III: MCS-51 Interrupts, Timer/Counters and Serial Communication

    Interrupts, Interrupts in MCS-51, Timers and Counters, Serial Communication, Atmel Microcontrollers (89CXX and 89C20XX), Architectural Overview of Atmel 89C51 and Atmel 89C2051, Pin Description of 89C51 and 89C2051, Using Flash Memory Devices Atmel 89CXX and 89C20XX

    Unit-IV: Applications of MCS-51 and Atmel 89C51 and 89C2051 Microcontrollers

    Applications of MCS-51 and Atmel 89C51 and 89C2051 Microcontrollers- Square Wave Generation- Rectangular Waves- Pulse Generation- Pulse Width Modulation- Staircase Ramp Generation- Sine Wave Generation- Pulse Width Measurement- Frequency Counter

    Unit- V: PIC Microcontrollers

    PIC Microcontrollers: Overview and Features,  PIC 16C6X/7X, FSR(File Selection Register) [Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer], PIC Reset Actions, PIC Oscillator Connections, PIC Memory Organizations,  PIC  PIC  16C6X/7X Instructions,  Addressing Modes, I/O Ports,  Interrupts in PIC 16C61/71, PIC 16C61/71 Timers, PIC 16C71 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

    Unit- VI: PIC 16F8XX Flash Microcontrollers

    Introduction, Pin Diagram of 16F8XX, STATUS Register, OPTION_REG Register, Power Control Register (PCON), PIC 16F8XX Program Memory, PIC 16F8XX Data Memory, DATA EEPROM and Flash Program EEPROM, Interrupts in 16F877, I/O Ports, Timers

    Unit- VII: Interfacing and Microcontroller Applications- Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), Push Buttons, Relays and Latch Connections, Keyboard Interfacing, Interfacing 7-Segment Displays, LCD Interfacing, ADC AND DAC Interfacing with 89C51 Microcontrollers

    Unit- VIII: Industrial Applications of Microcontrollers – Measurement Applications, Automation and Control Applications

    Reference Books:

    1. Microcontrollers-Theory and Applications by Ajay V Deshmukh, McGraw Hills
    2. Microcontrollers by Kennith J ayala, Thomson publishers

    3.   Microprocessor and Microcontrollers by Prof C.R.Sarma

    5.1 COMPUTER CONTROLLED SYSTEMS (Elective-I)

    Unit I: Multivariable Controls

    Multivariable control- Basic expressions for MIMO systems- Singular values- Stability norms- Calculation of system norms- Robustness- Robust stability.

    Unit II: H2 / H? Theory

    H2 / H? Theory- Solution for design using H2 / H? – Case studies. Interaction and decoupling- Relative gain analysis- Effects of interaction- Response to disturbances- Decoupling- Introduction to batch process control.

    Unit III:

    PLC Basics: PLC system, I/O modules and interfacing, CPU processor, programming equipment, programming formats, construction of PLC ladder diagrams, devices connected to I/O modules.

    Unit IV:

    PLC Programming: Input instructions, outputs, operational procedures, programming examples using contacts and coils. Drill press operation.

    Unit V:

    Digital logic gates, programming in the Boolean algebra system, conversion examples. Ladder diagrams for process control: Ladder diagrams and sequence listings, ladder diagram construction and flow chart for spray process system.

    Unit VI: Large Scale Control Systems

    SCADA: Introduction, SCADA Architecture, Different Communication Protocols, Common System Components, Supervision and Control, HMI, RTU and Supervisory Stations, Trends in SCADA, Security Issues

    Unit VII: Distributed Control Systems

    DCS: Introduction, DCS Architecture, Local Control (LCU) architecture, LCU languages, LCU – Process interfacing issues, communication facilities, configuration of DCS, displays, redundancy concept – case studies in DCS.

    Unit VIII: Real Time Systems

    Real time systems- Real time specifications and design techniques- Real time kernels- Inter task communication and synchronization- Real time memory management- Supervisory control- direct digital control- Distributed control- PC based automation.

    Reference Books:

    1. Shinskey F.G., Process control systems: application , Design and Tuning, McGraw Hill

    International Edition ,Singapore,1988.

    2. Be.langer P.R. , Control Engineering: A Modern Approach, Saunders College Publishing ,

    USA, 1995.

    3. Dorf, R.C. and Bishop R. T. , Modern Control Systems , Addison Wesley Longman Inc., 1999

    4. Laplante P.A., Real Time Systems: An Engineer.s Handbook, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,

    New Delhi, 2002.

    5. Stuart A. Boyer: SCADA-Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, Instrument Society of

    America Publications,USA,1999

    6. Efim Rosenwasser, Bernhard P. Lampe, Multivariable computer-controlled systems: a transfer

    function approach, Springer, 2006

    7. Programmable Logic Controllers – Principle and Applications by John W. Webb and Ronald

    A. Reiss, Fifth Edition, PHI

    8. Programmable Logic Controllers – Programming Method and Applications by JR.Hackworth

    and F.D Hackworth Jr. – Pearson, 2004.

    5.2 CONTROL OF SPECIAL MACHINES (Elective-I)

    Unit I: Stepper Motors

    Constructional features, Principle of operation, Modes of excitation torque production in Variable Reluctance (VR) stepping motor

    Unit II: Characteristics of Stepper Motors

    Dynamic characteristics, Drive systems and circuit for open loop control, closed loop control of stepping motor.

    Unit III: Switched Reluctance Motors

    Constructional features, Principle of operation. Torque equation, Characteristics, Control Techniques, Drive Concept.

    Unit IV: Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors

    Commutation in DC motors, Difference between mechanical and electronic commutators, Hall sensors, Optical sensors, Multiphase Brushless motor, Square wave permanent magnet brushless motor drives, Torque and emf equation, Torque-speed characteristics, Controllers-Microprocessors based controller.

    Unit V: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

    Principle of operation, EMF, power input and torque expressions, Phasor diagram, Power Controllers, Torque speed characteristics, Self control, Vector control, Current control Schemes.

    Unit VI: Servomotors

    Servomotor – Types – Constructional features – Principle of Operation – Characteristics – Control – Microprocessor based applications.

    Unit VII: AC Tachometers

    Schematic diagram, Operating principle, numerical problems

    Unit VIII: Linear Motors

    Linear Motors: Linear Induction Motor (LIM) Classification – Construction – Principle of operation – Concept of Current sheet –Goodness factor – DC Linear Motor (DCLM) types – Circuit equation – DCLM control-applications.

    Reference Books:

    1. Miller, T.J.E. “Brushless Permanent Magnet and Reluctance Motor Drives”, Clarendon     Press,

    Oxford, 1989.

    2. Kenjo, T, “Stepping Motors and their Microprocessor control”, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1989.

    3. Naser A and Boldea I, “Linear Electric Motors: Theory, Design and Practical Application”,

    Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey,1987

    4. Floyd E Saner,”Servo Motor Applications”, Pittman USA, 1993.

    5. Kenjo, T and Naganori, S “Permanent Magnet and brushless DC motors”, Clarendon Press,

    Oxford, 1989.

    6. Generalized Theory of Electrical Machines – P.S.Bimbra-Khanna publications-5th edition-1995

    6.1 SYSTEM IDENTIFICATIONS AND PARAMETER ESTIMATIONS (Elective-II)

    UNIT I

    Review of probably theory and random variable, random process, A Family of Transfer function Models-Equation Error Model Structure-Linear Regression- ARMAX Model Structure- Other Equation- Error-Type Model Structures-Output Error Model Structure- Box- Jenkins Model Structure- A General Family of Model Structures- Continuous Time Black -Box Model.

    UNIT II

    Recursive methods, Recursive least squares (RLS), Consistency of estimation, Weighted LS, Prediction error and pseudo linear regression methods.

    UNIT III

    Parametric models, LS estimation, bias; generalized least squares (GLS) and instrumental variable (IV) method.

    UNIT IV

    Persistently exciting input signal, Likelihood functions and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), Singular value decomposition (SVD).

    UNIT V

    Stochastic approximation algorithm (STA); Model order and structure determination.

    UNIT VI

    Kalman filter state and parameter estimation, Adaptive Estimation via Parallel Processing, Adaptive Estimation via Extended Least Squares

    UNIT VII

    Extended Kalman Filters for discrete time systems, the Kalman Filter, Best Linear Estimator Property of the Kalman Filter, Identification as a Kalman Filtering Problem, Application of Kalman Filters.

    UNIT VIII

    Multi-variable system representation, controllability and observability indices, Feedback system

    identification.

    Reference Books:

    1. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Process- Papoulis and Pillai, McGraw Hill,

    2002.

    2. Lessons in Estimation Theory for Signal Processing, Communications, and Control- Jerry M.

    Mendel, Prentice-Hall, 1995.

    3. Introduction to Stochastic Control Theory: Karl J Astrom, Mathematics in Series and Engg.,

    Vol.70.

    4. Filtering and System Identification A Least Squares Approach- Michel Verhaegen and

    Vincent Verdult, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007.

    5. Kalman Filtering Theory and Practice Using Matlab- M.S. Grewal and A.P. Andrews, John

    Wiley, 2008.

    6. Optimal filtering, Brian.D.O.Anderson and John B Moore, PRENTICE-HALL, INC.

    Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632.

    6.2 COMPUTATION TECHNIQUES AND OPTIMIZATION (Elective-II)

    Unit-I: Solution Of Algebraic And Transcendental Equations: Zeros of a function, Successive bisection method, Regula-Falsi method, Secant method and Successive approximation method, Simultaneous equations: Gauss elimination method, Gause-Jordan method, Relaxation method, LU decomposition method, numerical solution by Gauss-Jacobi method, Gause-Seidel method.

    Unit-II: Interpolation And Curve Fitting: Lagrange interpolation, Newton’s divided difference Interpolating polynomial, Newton-Gregory forward and backward interpolating polynomial, Cubic splines. Lease square approximation of functions, Linear and Polynomial regression,power exponential, parabolic, hyperbolic and sinusoidal curve fitting, multiple linear regression.

    Unit-III: Evaluation of Definite Integrals: Newton-Cote’s formula, Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3 rule & 3/8 rule, Weddle’s Error analysis, evaluation of double integrals.

    Unit-IV: Numerical Solution of Differential Equations: Euler’s method, Picard’s method, Predictor-Corrector method, Runge-Kutta Second and Fourth order equations.

    Unit-V: Linear Programming: Standard form of linear programming problem, Geometry of L.P.P., Graphical solution, Simplex algorithm, Big-M method, Two phase method.

    Unit-VI: Non Linear Programming: Single-Dimensional minimization methods: Unimodal function, three interval search method, Fibonacci method, Golden mean search method. Unconstrained Optimization Techniques, Descent Methods: Steepest Descent method, Conjugate gradient method, Quasi Newton method. Constrained Optimization Techniques, Interior and exterior penalty methods.

    Unit-VII: Linear and Nonlinear Optimization: Necessary and sufficient conditions for optima; convex analyisis; unconstrained optimization; descent methods; steepest descent, Newton’s method, quasi Newton methods, conjugate direction methods; constrained optimization; Kuhn-Tucker conditions, Quadratic programming problems; algorithms for constrained optimization; gradient projection method, penalty and barrier function methods, Linear programming, simplex methods; duality in optimization, duals of linear and quadratic programming problems.

    Unit-VIII: CPM and PERT: Basic Terminology, Network representation of project, critical path-The PERT method, Optimum scheduling by CPM, LP formulation of CPM-PERT problems.

    Reference Books:

    1. Krishnamurthy E.V. and Sen S.K. “Numerical Algorithms: Computations in Science &                          Engg.”, Affiliated East-West Press, 1993

    2. S.S. Rao – “Optimization Theory and Applications”, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi. 1991

    3. Schaum’s Series – “Operation Research”, Tata Mcgraw Hill. 1997

    4. S.S. Sastry “Introductory Methods in Numerical Analysis” PHI. 1994

    5. Gerald and Wheatley “Applied Numerical Analysis”, PHI. 2005 M.Tech ( Control Systems)                   Syllabus

    6. E. Kreyzig “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”John Wiley. 1999

    7. Luenberger D.G. Introduction to Linear and Nonlinear Programming, (2e) Addison Wesley

    1984

    8. Fletcher R. Practical methods of Optimization, John Wiley. 1980

    7. CONTROL SYSTEMS SIMULATION LAB

    List of Experiments

    The following experiments may be implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

    1. Preliminary Transformations:

    (a)    Transfer function to State space models vice- versa.

    (b)   Conversion of Continuous to Discrete time systems vice- versa.

    (c)    Verification of controllability and observablity of a given system.

    1. Design of state feedback controllers.
    2. Stability analysis of a given system using:

    (a)    Root Locus.

    (b)   Bode plot.

    (c)    Lyapunov stability.

    1. Implementation of Kalman Filter.
    2. Implementation of Least squares error method.
    3. Implementation of PID controller and its effects on a given system.
    4. Design of Lead, Lag, Lead- Lag compensators using frequency domain analysis.
    5. Construction of Simulink model for an Induction motor.

    Note: At least four problems may be implemented from the following

    1. Solving steady state Ricatti Equation.
    2. Construction of Simulink model foe single area and multi area Power system.
    3. Solving an optimal control problem using Ricatti equation.
    4. Implementation of Full order and minimum order Observer.
    5. Implementation of Back-Propagation Algorithm.
    6. Implementation of simple Fuzzy controller.
    7. Implementation of storage and recall algorithm of Hopfield network model.


    SEMESTER-II

    1. ROBOTICS AND CONTROL

    Unit I: Introduction-Robot Anatomy

    Coordinate frames-mapping- mapping Between rotated frames-mapping between translated frames-mapping between rotated and translated frames-description of objects in space-transformation of vectors—inverting homogeneous transform-fundamental rotation matrices

    Unit-II: Symbolic Modeling of Robots –Direct Kinematic Model

    Mathematical structure and notations-description of links and joints-kinematic modeling of the manipulator- Denavit-Hatenberg notation-kinematic relationship between adjacent links- manipulator transformation matrix

    Unit III: The Inverse Kinematics

    Manipulator work space – Solvability of kinematic model- -Solution techniques- closed form solution-guidelines to obtain closed form solution.

    Unit IV: Manipulator Differential Motion and Statics

    Linear and angular velocity of a rigid body – Relationship between transformation Matrix and angular velocity – Mapping velocity vector-Velocity propagation along links-Manipulator Jacobian – Jacobian Inverse- Jacobian Singularities- Static Analysis

    Unit V: Dynamic Modelling

    Lagrangian Mechanics – Two degree of freedom Manipulator-Dynamic Model – Lagrange–Euler formulation  –  Newton –Euler Formulation – comparison of Lagrange–Euler & Newton –Euler Formulations – Inverse Dynamics

    Unit VI: Trajectory Planning

    Definitions and planning tasks- terminology-steps in trajectory planning- Joint space techniques- Cartesian space techniques- Joint space Vs Cartesian space Trajectory planning.

    Unit VII: Control of Manipulators

    Open and close loop control – The manipulator control problem – Linear control schemes- Characteristics of second order linear systems- Linear Second order-SISO model of a manipulator joint- Joint Actuators- partitioned PD control scheme –PID control scheme – computed torque control- force control of robotic manipulators – description of force control tasks –Force-control strategies-Hybrid position/ force control- Impedance Force/Torque control

    Unit VIII: Robotic Sensors and Applications

    Sensing- Sensors in robotics – Kinds of sensors used in robotics- -Robotic vision- Robotic vision- Industrial applications of vision controlled robotic systems- process of Imaging-Architecture of robotic vision systems- Image Acquisition- Image representation-Image processing – Industrial applications –material handling – Process applications – Assembly applications – Inspection application – Principles of Robot applications and application planning, Justification of robots- Robot safety

    Reference Books:

    1. Robotics and control –RKMittal And I J Nagrath TMH Publishers-1st edition-2003
    2. Mikell P,Weiss G.M.,Nagel R.N., Odrey N.G., Industrial Robotics, McGraw Hill,1986.
    3. Deb.S.R- Robotics Technology and flexible automation, Tata McGraw Hill, 1994.
    4. Asfahi C.R. – Robotics and manufacturing automation, John wiley ,1992.
    5. Klafter R.D.- Chimielewski T.A & Neign M., Robotics engineering: An integrated approach, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., 1994.

    2. NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

    UNIT I

    Linear versus nonlinear systems – Describing function analysis: Fundamentals, common nonlinearities (saturation, dead – zone, on – off non – linearity, backlash, hysteresis) and their describing functions.

    UNIT II

    Describing function analysis of nonlinear systems. Reliability of describing method analysis. Compensation and design of nonlinear system using describing function method.

    UNIT III

    Phase plane analysis: Phase portraits, Singular points characterization. Analysis of non – linear systems using phase plane technique.

    UNIT IV

    Existence of limit cycles. Linearization: Exact linearization, input – state linearization, input – output linearization.

    UNIT V

    Concept of stability, stability in the sense of Lyapunov and absolute stability. Zero – input and BIBO stability. Second (or direct) method of Lyapunov stability theory for continuous and discrete time systems.

    UNIT VI

    Aizerman’s and Kalman’s conjecture. Construction of Lyapunov function – Methods of Aizerman, Zubov, Variable gradient method. Lure problem.

    UNIT VII

    Popov’s stability criterion, generalized circle criterion, Kalman – Yakubovich – Popov Lemma. Popov’s hyperstability theorem.

    UNIT VIII

    Concept of variable – structure controller and sliding control, reaching condition and reaching mode, implementation of switching control laws. Reduction of chattering in sliding and steady state mode. Some design examples of nonlinear systems such as the ball and beam, flight control, magnetic levitation and robotic manipulator etc.

    Reference Books:

    1. J. E. Slotine and Weiping LI, Applied Nonlinear Control, Prentice Hall,

    2. Hassan K. Khalil, Nonlinear Systems, Prentice Hall, 1996.

    3. Sankar Sastry, Nonlinear Systems Analysis, Stability and Control.

    4. M. Vidyasagar, Nonlinear Systems Analysis, Prentice – Hall International editions,1993.

    3. ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

    UNIT-I

    Short introduction, Analog to digital and Digital to Analog conversion, sampled and Hold circuit, Continuous time Fourier Transforms.

    UNIT-II

    Discrete-time signals and systems, Discrete-time Fourier transform- its properties and applications, Fast Fourier Transform (in time-domain and Frequency domain) , IDFT and its properties.

    UNIT-III: z- Transform:

    Definition and properties, Rational z-transforms, Region of convergence of a rational z- Transform, The inverse z- Transform, Z-Transform properties, Computation of the convolution sum of finite-length sequences, The transfer function

    UNIT-IV: Digital Filter Structures:

    Block Diagram representation, Equivalent structures, Basic FIR Digital Filter structures, Basic IIR Digital Filter structures, Realization of Basic structures using MATLAB, All pass filters, Computational complexity of Digital filter structures.

    UNIT V: IIR Digital Filter Design:

    Preliminary considerations, Bilinear transformation method of IIR Filter design, Design of low pass IIR Digital filters, Design of High pass, Band pass and band stop IIR digital filters, Spectral Transformations of IIR filter, IIR digital filter design using MATLAB, Computer aided design of IIR digital filters.

    UNIT VI:FIR Digital Filter Design:

    Preliminary considerations, FIR filter design based on windowed Fourier series, Computer aided design of Equiripple Linear phase FIR filters, Design of Minimum phase FIR filters, FIR digital filter design using MATLAB, Design of computationally efficient FIR digital filters.

    UNIT VII: Analysis of Finite word length effects:

    The quantization process and errors, quantization of Fixed point numbers, Quantization of floating point numbers, Analysis of coefficient quantization effects, Analysis of arithmetic round off errors, Low sensitivity digital filters, Reduction of product round off errors using error feedback, Round off errors in FFT algorithms.

    UNIT VIII

    The basic sample rate alteration devices, Multi rate structures for sampling rate conversion, Multistage design of decimator and interpolator, The Polyphase decomposition, Arbitrary-rate sampling rate converter, Nyquist Filters and some applications of digital signal processing.

    Reference Books:

    1. S.K. Mitra, Digital Signal Processing-, Tata McGraw-Hill, Third Edition, 2006.

    2. B.P. Lathi, Principle of Signal Processing and Linear Systems-, Oxford International

    Student Version, 2009

    3. M. Mondal and A Asif, Continuous and Discrete Time Signals and Systems, Cambridge,

    2007

    4. Li Tan, Digital Signal Processing- Fundamentals and Applications-, Indian reprint,

    Elsevier,  2008.

    5. Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer, and John R.Buck, Discrete- Time Signal

    Processing-, Pearson Edu, 2008.

    4. OPTIMAL CONTROL THEORY

    UNIT I

    An overview of optimization problem – concepts and terms related to optimization – constrained and unconstrained problems and their solutions using different techniques.

    UNIT II

    Convex set and convex function – convex optimization problem – quadratic optimization problem – Karush – Kuhn – Tucker (KKT) necessary and sufficient conditions for quadratic programming problem.

    UNIT III

    Interior point method for convex optimization – linear programming – primal and dual problems and basic concept of multi – objective optimization problem.

    UNIT IV

    Concept of functional, different types of performance indices, Euler – Lagrange equation.

    UNIT V

    Calculus of variation   to optimal control problem  – Fundamental concepts, functionals of a single function, functional involving several independent functions, necessary conditions for optimal control, linear regulator problems.

    UNIT VI

    Linear quadractic regulator, remarks on weighting matrices, solution of Riccati equation.

    UNIT VII

    Frequency domain interpretation of linear quadratic regulator, robustness studies.

    UNIT VIII

    Dynamic programming, Pontrygin’s minimum principle, time optimal control, concept of system and signal norms, statement of problem and its solution.

    Reference Books:

    1. Jasbir S. Arora, Introduction to optimum design, Elesevier, 2005.

    2. A Ravindran, K.M. Ragsdell, and G.V. Reklaitis, Engineering optimization : Methods and

    applications, Wiley India Edition.

    3. Donald E.Kirk, Optimal Control Theory an Introduction, Prentice – Hall Network series  – First edition,

    1970.

    4. D.S. Naidu, Optimal control systems, CRC Press, First edition, 2002.

    5. Arturo Locatelli, Optimal control: An Introduction, Birkhauser Verlag, 2001.

    6. S.H.Zak, Systems and Controll, Indian Edition , Oxford University, 2003.

    7. Niclas Anreasson, Anton Evgrafov and Michael Patriksson, An introduction to continuous

    optimization, Overseas Press (India) Pvt. Ltd.

    5.1 AI TECHNIQUES (Elective-III)

    Unit – I: Introduction to Neural Networks

    Introduction, Humans and Computers, Organization of the Brain, Biological Neuron, Biological and Artificial Neuron Models. introduction-neural network models-architectures-knowledge representation learning process-learning tasks.

    Unit- II:Feed Forward Neural Networks

    Introduction, Perceptron Models: Discrete, Continuous and Multi-Category, Training Algorithms: Discrete and Continuous Perceptron Networks, Perceptron Convergence theorem, Limitations of the Perceptron Model, Applications.

    Unit–III: ANN Paradigm-back propagation-RBF algorithms-Hope field networks.

    Unit IV : Genetic Algorithms-introduction-encoding-fitness function-reproduction operators

    Unit V: Genetic Modelling-genetic operators-cross over and mutation-generational cycle-coveragence of genetic algorithm.

    Unit – VI: Classical and Fuzzy Sets

    Introduction to classical sets – properties, Operations and relations; Fuzzy sets, Membership,

    Uncertainty, Operations, properties, fuzzy relations, cardinalities, membership functions.

    UNIT VII: Fuzzy Logic System Components

    Fuzzification, Membership value assignment, development of rule base and decision making ystem,Defuzzification to crisp sets, Defuzzification methods.

    UNIT VIII: Application of AI Techniques

    Fuzzy control systems: simple fuzzy logic controllers & GA with examples, image processing, room heating system, Neural Networks: character recognition networks, inverted pendulum neuro controller, Neural network for Robot kinematics

    Reference Books:

    1. Neural Networks, Fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithms: synthesis and applications by

    Rajasekharan and Rai – PHI Publication.

    2. Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems – Jacek M. Zuarda, Jaico Publishing House, 1997.

    5.2 EMBEDDED REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS EMS (Elective-III)

    UNIT I: INTRODUCTION

    History of Embedded Systems, Major Application Areas of Embedded Systems, Purpose of Embedded Systems, Core of the Embedded System, Sensors and Actuators, Communication Interface, Embedded Firmware.

    UNIT II: HARDWARE SOFTWARE Co-DESIGN and PROGRAMME MODELLING

    Characteristics of an Embedded System, Quality Attributes of Embedded Systems, Fundamental Issues in Hardware Software Co-Design, Computational Models in Embedded Design, Introduction to Unified Modeling Language (UML),Hardware Software Trade-offs.

    UNIT III: EMBEDDED HARDWARE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

    Analog Electronic Components, Digital Electronic Components, VLSI and Integrated Circuit Design, Electronic Design Automation (EDA) Tools, Embedded Firmware Design Approaches, Embedded Firmware Development Languages.

    UNIT IV:REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS (RTOS) BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

    Operating System Basics, Types of Operating Systems, Tasks, Process and Threads, Multiprocessing and Multitasking, Task Scheduling, Threads, Processes and Scheduling :Putting them Altogether, Task Communication, Task Synchronization, Device Drivers, How to Choose an RTOS.

    UNIT V: DEVICES AND COMMUNICATION BUSES FOR DEVICES NETWORK

    IO Types and Examples, Serial Communication Devices, Parallel Device Ports, Sophisticated Interfacing Features in Device Ports, Wireless Devices, Timer and Counting Devices, Watchdog Timer, Real Time Clock, Networked Embedded Systems, Serial Bus Communication Protocols, Parallel Bus Device Protocols- Parallel Communication Network Using ISA, PCI, PCI-X and Advanced Buses, Internet Enabled Systems- Network Protocols, Wireless and Mobile System Protocols.

    UNIT VI: PROGRAM MODELING CONCEPTS

    Program Models, DFG Models, State Machine Programming Models for Event-controlled Program Flow, Modeling of Multiprocessor Systems, UML Modeling.

    UNIT VII: REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS

    OS Services, Process Management, Timer .Functions, Event Functions, Memory Management, Device, File and IO Subsystems Management, Interrupt Routines in RTOS Environment and Handling of Interrupt Source Calls, Real-time Operating Systems, Basic-Design an RTOS, RTOS Task Scheduling Models, Interrupt Latency and Response of the Tasks as Performance Matrices, OS Security Issues.

    UNIT VIII: DESIGN EXAMPLES AND CASE STUDIES OF PROGAM MODELING AND PROGRAMMING WITH RTOS-2

    Case study of Communication between Orchestra Robots, Embedded Systems in Automobile, Case study of an Embedded System for an Adaptive Cruise Control(ACC) System in a Car, Case study of an Embedded System for a Smart Card, Case study of a Mobile Phone Software for Key Inputs.

    Reference Books:

    1. Introduction to Embedded System- Shibu KV, Mc-Graw Hill Higher Edition.
    2. Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design- Raj Kamal, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies.
    3. Embedded System Design by Peter Marwedel, Springer.

    4.   Embedded System Design – A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction-Frank Vahid, Tony D.

    Givargis, John Wiley, 2002.

    5.   Embedded/ Real Time Systems-KVKK Prasad, Dreamtech Press, 2005.

    6.   An Embedded Software Primer- David E. Simon, Pearson Ed. 2005.

    6.1 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (Elective-IV)

    Unit-I

    Solar Energy – Availability – Solar radiation data and measurement – Estimation of average solar radiation- Solar water heater types – Heat balance – Flat plate collector efficiency – Efficiency of heat removal – Thermo siphon flow calculation – Forced circulation calculation – Evacuated collectors – Basics of solar concentrators

    Unit-II

    Solar Energy Applications – Solar air heaters – Solar Chimney – Crop driers – Passive solar system – Active solar systems – Water desalination – Output from solar still – Principle of solar ponds.

    Unit-III

    Wind Energy – Nature of wind – Characteristics – Variation with height and time – Power in wind –Aerodynamics of Wind turbine – Momentum theory – Basics of aerodynamics – Aerofoils and their characteristics – HAWT – Blade element theory – Prandtl’s lifting line theory (prescribed wake analysis) VAWT aerodynamics – Wind turbine loads – Aerodynamic loads in steady operation – Yawed operation and tower shadow.

    Unit-IV

    Wind Energy Conversion System – Siting – Rotor selection – Annual energy output – Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) – Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) – Rotor design considerations – Number of blades – Solidity – Blade profile – Upwind/Downwind – Yaw system – Tower – Braking system –  Synchronous and asynchronous generators and loads – Integration of wind energy converters to electrical networks – Inverters – Control system – Requirement and strategies – Noise – Applications of wind energy

    Unit-V

    Biomass energy – Bio fuel classification – Examples of thermo chemical, Pyrolysis, biochemical and agrochemical systems – Energy farming – Direct combustion for heat – Process heat and electricity – Ethanol production and use – Anaerobic digestion for biogas – Different digesters – Digester sizing – Applications of Biogas – Operation with I.C.Engine

    Unit-VI

    Ocean Energy – OTEC Principle – Lambert’s law of absorption – Open cycle and closed cycle – heat exchanger calculations – Major problems and operational experience.

    Unit-VII

    Tidal Power – Principles of power generation – components of power plant – Single and two basin systems – Turbines for tidal power – Estimation of energy – Maximum and minimum power ranges – tidal powerhouse.

    Wave Energy – Concept of energy and power from waves – Wave characteristics – period and wave velocities – Different wave energy conservation devices (Saltor duck, oscillating water column and dolphin types) – operational experience.

    Unit-VIII

    Geothermal Energy – Classification- Fundamentals of geophysics – Dry rock and hot aquifier energy analysis – Estimation of thermal power – Extraction techniques – Prime movers.

    Reference Books:

    1. Renewable Energy Resources / John Twidell and Tony Weir / E & F.N.Spon
    2. Renewable Energy Resources Basic Principles and Applications / G.N.Tiwari and M.K.Ghosal / Narosa
    3. Solar Energy – Principles of thermal collection and storage/ S.P. Sukhatme / TMH
    4. Solar Energy Thermal Processes,/Duffie & Beckman
    5. Solar Heating and Cooling / Kreith & Kreider
    6. Wind Energy Handbook / Tony Burton, David Sharpe, Nick Jenkins and Ervin Bossanyi / WileyWind Electrical Systems / S.N.Bhadra, D.Kastha and S.Banerjee / Oxford
    7. Biogas Technology – A Practical Hand Book / K.Khendelwal & S.S. Mahdi / McGraw-Hill

    6.2 POWER QUALITY MANAGEMENT (Elective-IV)

    Unit –I: Introduction To Power Quality

    What is Power Quality?, Voltage Quality, Why are we concerned about power quality?, The power quality evaluation procedure-Need for a consistent-Vocabulary, General classes of power quality problems,     Transients, Long-Duration voltage variations, Short-Duration voltage variations, Voltage Imbalance, waveform distortion, voltage fluctuation, Power frequency variations, Power quality terms, Ambiguous Terms,            CBEMA and ITI curves

    Unit- II: Power Frequency Disturbances

    Introduction-Common power frequency disturbances-Cures for low frequency disturbances-Voltage tolerance criteria

    Unit III: Voltage Sags And Interruptions

    Sources of sags and interruptions-Estimating Voltage sag performance-Fundamental principles of protection-Solutions at the End-User level-Evaluating the economics of different ride_ through alternatives-Motor_ starting sags-Utility system fault_ clearing issues

    Unit IV: Transient Over Voltages

    Sources of transient over voltages-Principles of over voltage protection-Devices for over voltage protection-Utility capacitor_ switching Transients-Utility system Lightning protection-Managing Ferroresonance-Switching Transients problems with loads-Computer tools for transient analysis.

    Unit-V:Fundamentals Of Harmonics

    Harmonic Distortion-Voltage versus current distortion-Harmonic versus Transients-Power system Quantities under non sinusoidal conditions-Harmonic indices-Harmonic sources from commercial loads-Harmonic sources from industrial loads-Locating harmonic sources-System response characteristics-Effects of harmonic distortion-     Inter harmonics

    Unit VI: Applied Harmonics

    Harmonic distortion evaluations-Principles for controlling harmonics-Where to control harmonics-Harmonic study-Devices for controlling harmonic distortion-Harmonic filter design-Case studies-Standards on harmonics

    Unit-VII: Long Duration Voltage Variations

    Principles of regulating the voltage-Devices for voltage regulation-Utility voltage regulator application-Capacitors for voltage regulations-End user capacitor application-Regulating utility voltage with distributed resources-Flickers

    Unit VIII: Power Quality Monitoring

    Monitoring considerations-Historical perspective of power quality measuring instruments-Power quality measurement equipment-Assessment of power quality measurement data-Application of intelligent systems-Power quality monitoring standards

    Reference Books:

    1.Electrical power systems quality-Roger C.Dugan- McGraw- Hills

    2.Power quality- C.Sankaran, CRC Press

    7. ADVANCE CONTROL SYSTEMS LAB

    List of Experiments

    1. To obtain the moment of inertia and then develop the transfer function of the given DC Motor

    for (a) Armature controlled case and (b) Field controlled case. Draw the relevant block

    diagrams.

    2. To conduct experiments on the given amplidyne for (a) To obtain the transfer function (b) To

    obtain the load characteristics under different levels of compensation (c) To obtain the

    characteristics of a metadyne.

    3. To design a Lag-Lead compensator and to obtain the characteristics by simulation using

    MATLAB®. Verify the performance using experiments with the compensator circuit made of

    passive elements.

    4. To set up a system for closed loop voltage regulation for a dc separately excited generator

    using amplidyne and to obtain its characteristics

    5. To obtain the model of the Inverted pendulum and study the closed loop performance using

    experiments on Bytronic® Inverted Pendulum

    6. To conduct experiments on the Level Process Control Station and to study the working of a

    level control loop.

    7. To set up a closed loop feedback control system using the FEEDBACK® MS150 DC Modular

    Servo System-with velocity(rate) feedback.

    8. Temperature controller using PID.

    9. To set up an open loop control system using Micro-processor for controlling the stepper motor

    10.To design a Lead compensator and to obtain the characteristics by simulation using

    MATLAB®. Verify the performance using experiments with the compensator circuit made of

    passive elements.

    11. Effect of P, PD, PI, PID Controller on a second order systems

    12. Programmable logic controller – Study and verification of truth tables of logic gates, simple

    Boolean expressions and application of speed control of motor?

    Reference Books:

    1. Gene F Franklin, J David Powell, Abbas Emami Naeini, Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems, 4th Ed, Pearson Education Asia, 2002
    2. Graham C Goodwin, Stefan F Graebe, Mario E Salgado, Control System Design, Prentice Hall India, 2003.
    3. John J D’Azzo, Constantine H Houpis, Stuart N. Sheldon, Linear Control System Analysis & Design with MATLAB, 5th Ed, Marcel Dekker, 2003
    4. John E Gibson, Franz B. Tuteur, Control System Components, McGrawHill, 1958
    5. Users’ Manual for FEEDBACK® MS150 AC Modular Servo System
    6. Users’ Manual for 8085n Microprocessor kit, ©Vi MicroSystems.
    7. www.mathworks.com
    8. Users’ Manual for Bytronicâ Inverted Pendulum.
    9. Users’ Manual for Level Process Station, ©Vi McroSystems

    Click on any of the below links to Download :

    LINK 1

    (OR)

    LINK 2

    (OR)

    LINK 3

  • JNTU-KAKINADA : Proposed Course Structure and Syllabus – B.Tech (ECE) – II YEAR – R10 Students.

    JNTU-KAKINADA : Proposed Course Structure and Syllabus – B.Tech (ECE) – II YEAR – R10 Students.

    JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY: KAKINADA

    KAKINADA-533003, Andhra Pradesh (India)

    R 10

    II B.Tech (Electronics and Communication Engineering)

    II Year I Sem P C II Year II Sem P C

    S.No.

    		 Subject P C
    S.No.    		 Subject P C
    1 Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis 4 4 1 Electronic Circuit Analysis 4 4
    2 Electronic Devices and Circuits 4 4 2 Control Systems 4 4
    3 Probability Theory & Stochastic Processes 4 4 3 Pulse & Digital Circuits 4 4
    4 Network Analysis 4 4 4 Switching Theory & Logic Design 4 4
    5 Signals & Systems 4 4 5 EM Waves and Transmission Lines 4 4
    6 Electrical Technology 4 4 6 Analog Communications 4 4
    7 EDC Lab 3 2 7 Electronic Circuit Analysis Lab 3 2
    8 Networks &Electrical Technology Lab 3 2 8 Pulse & Digital Circuits Lab 3 2
    9 English Communication Practice 2 – 9 English Communication Practice 2 2
    Total Credits 28 Total Credits 30

    MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

    Common to all Branches (w.e.f.2010 batch)

    Unit I

    Introduction to Managerial Economics:

    Introduction to Managerial Economics & Demand Analysis: Definition of Managerial Economics, Characteristics and Scope – Managerial Economics and its relation with other subjects- Basic economic tools in Managerial Economics

    Demand Analysis: Meaning- Demand distinctions- Demand determinants- Law of Demand and its exceptions.

    Unit-II

    Elasticity of Demand & Demand Forecasting: Definition -Types of Elasticity of demand – Measurement of price elasticity of demand: Total outlay method, Point method and Arc method- Significance of Elasticity of Demand.

    Demand Forecasting: Meaning – Factors governing demand forecasting – Methods of demand forecasting (survey of buyers’ Intentions, Delphi method, Collective opinion, Analysis of Time series and Trend projections, Economic Indicators, Controlled experiments and Judgmental approach) – Forecasting demand for new products- Criteria of a good forecasting method.

    Unit-III

    Theory of Production and Cost Analysis:  Production Function- Isoquants and   Isocosts, MRTS, Law of variable proportions- Law of returns to scale- Least    Cost Combination of Inputs, Cobb-Douglas Production function – Economies of  Scale.

    Cost Analysis: Cost concepts, Opportunity cost, Fixed Vs Variable costs, Explicit costs Vs. Implicit costs, Out of pocket costs vs. Imputed costs.-Determination of  Break-Even Point (simple problems) – Managerial Significance and limitations of  BEP.

    UNIT-IV

    Introduction to Markets, Managerial Theories of the Firm & Pricing Policies: Market structures: Types of competition, Features of Perfect  Competition, Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition. Price-Output Determination under Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly Managerial theories of the firm – Marris and Williamson’s models.

    Pricing Policies: Methods of Pricing–Marginal Cost Pricing, Limit Pricing, Market Skimming Pricing, Penetration Pricing, Bundling Pricing, and Peak  Load Pricing. Internet Pricing Models: Flat rate pricing, Usage sensitive pricing, Transaction based pricing, Priority pricing, charging on the basis of  social cost, Precedence model, Smart market mechanism model.

    Unit V

    Types of Industrial Organization & Introduction to business cycles: Characteristic features of Industrial organization, Features and evaluation of Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Joint Stock Company, State/Public Enterprises and their types.

    Introduction to business cycles: Meaning-Phases of business cycles- Features of business cycles.

    Unit VI

    Introduction to Financial Accounting: Introduction to Double-entry system, Journal, Ledger, Trial Balance- Final Accounts (with simple adjustments)- Limitations of Financial Statements.

    Unit VII

    Interpretation and analysis of Financial Statement: Ratio Analysis – Liquidity ratios, Profitability ratios and solvency ratios – Preparation of changes in working capital statement and fund flow statement.

    Unit VIII

    Capital and Capital Budgeting:   Meaning of capital budgeting, Need for capital budgeting – Capital budgeting   decisions (Examples of capital  budgeting) – Methods of Capital Budgeting: Payback Method, Accounting  Rate of Return (ARR), IRR and Net Present Value Method (simple problems)

    Text Books

    1. N. Appa Rao. & P. Vijaya Kumar:  Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis, ,Cengage Publications, New Delhi, 2011
    2. J.V.Prabhakar Rao: Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis, Maruthi Publications, 2011
    1. 3. A R Aryasri – Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis

    ***

    Electronic Devices and Circuits

    Unit-I

    Electron Ballistics and Applications: Force on Charged Particles in Electric field, Constant Electric Field, Potential, Relationship between Field Intensity and Potential, Two Dimensional Motion, Electrostatic Deflection in Cathode ray Tube, CRO, Force in Magnetic Field, Motion in Magnetic Field, Magnetic Deflection in CRT, Magnetic Focusing, Parallel Electric and Magnetic fields and Perpendicular Electric and Magnetic Fields.

    Unit- II

    Review of Semi Conductor Physics : Insulators, Semi conductors, and Metals classification using Energy Band Diagrams, Mobility and Conductivity, Electrons and holes in Intrinsic Semi conductors, Extrinsic Semi Conductor, (P and N Type semiconductor) Hall effect, Generation and Recombination of Charges, Diffusion, Continuity Equation, Injected Minority Carriers, Law of Junction, Fermi Dirac Function, Fermi level in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductor

    Unit- III

    Junction Diode Characteristics and Special Diodes : Open circuited P N Junction, Forward and Reverse Bias, Current components in PN Diode, Diode Equation,Volt-Amper Characteristic, Temperature Dependence on V – I characteristic, Step Graded Junction, Diffusion Capacitance and Diode Resistance (Static and Dynamic), Energy Band Diagram of PN Diode,

    Special Diodes: Avalanche and Zener Break Down, Zener Characterisitics,  Tunnel Diode, Characteristics with the help of Energy Band Diagrams, Varactor Diode, LED, PIN Diode,  Photo Diode

    Unit IV

    Rectifiers and Filters: Half wave rectifier, ripple factor, full wave rectifier(with and without transformer), Harmonic components in a rectifier circuit, Inductor filter, Capacitor filter, L- section filter, P- section filter, Multiple L- section and Multiple  P section filter, and comparison of various filter circuits  in  terms of ripple factors, Simple circuit of a regulator using zener diode, Series and Shunt voltage regulators

    Unit- V

    Transistor and FET Characteristics : Junction transistor, Transistor current components, Transistor as an amplifier, Characteristics of Transistor in Common Base and  Common Emitter Configurations, Analytical expressions for Transistor Characteristics, Punch Through/  Reach Through, Photo Transistor, Typical transistor junction voltage values.

    Unit VI

    JFET characteristics (Qualitative and Quantitative discussion), Small signal model of JFET, MOSFET characteristics (Enhancement and depletion mode), Symbols of MOSFET, Introduction to SCR and UJT and their characteristics,

    UNIT-VII

    Transistor Biasing and Thermal Stabilization : Transistor Biasing and Thermal Stabilization: Operating point, Basic Stability, Collector to Base Bias, Self Bias, Stabilization against variations in VBE,, and ? for the self bias circuit, Stabilization factors, (S, S‘, S‘’), Bias Compensation,  Thermistor and Sensitor compensation,   Compensation against variation in VBE, Ico,,  Thermal runaway, Thermal stability

    UNIT- VIII

    Small signal low frequency Transistor models: Two port devices and the Hybrid model, Transistor Hybrid model, Determination of h-parameters from characteristics, Measurement of h-parameters, Conversion formulas for the parameters of three transistor configurations, Analysis of a Transistor Amplifier circuit using h- parameters, Comparison of Transistor Amplifier configurations

    Text Books

    1.  Electronic Devices and Circuits – J. Millman,  C.C. Halkias, Tata Mv-Graw Hill

    2.  Electronic Devices and Circuits – K Satya Prasad,  VGS Publications

    Reference

    1.  Integrated Electronics – Jacob Millman,  Chritos C. Halkies,, Tata Mc-Graw Hill, 2009

    2. Electronic Devices and Circuits – Salivahanan, Kumar, Vallavaraj, TATA McGraw Hill,                         Second Edition

    ***

    PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

    UNIT I

    PROBABILITY: Probability introduced through Sets and Relative Frequency: Experiments and Sample Spaces, Discrete and Continuous Sample Spaces, Events, Probability Definitions and Axioms, Mathematical Model of Experiments, Probability as a Relative Frequency, Joint Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability, Bayes’ Theorem, Independent Events:

    UNIT II

    THE RANDOM VARIABLE : Definition of a Random Variable, Conditions for a Function to be a Random Variable, Discrete and Continuous, Mixed Random Variable, Distribution and Density functions, Properties, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Gaussian, Exponential, Rayleigh, Conditional Distribution,  Conditional Density, Properties.

    UNIT III

    OPERATION ON ONE RANDOM VARIABLE – EXPECTATIONS : Introduction, Expected Value of a Random Variable, Function of a Random Variable,  Moments about the Origin, Central Moments, Variance and Skew, Chebychev’s Inequality,  Characteristic Function, Moment Generating Function, Transformations of a Random Variable: Monotonic Transformations for a Continuous Random Variable, Nonmonotonic Transformations of Continuous Random Variable, Transformation of a Discrete Random Variable.

    UNIT IV

    MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES : Vector Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function, Properties of Joint Distribution, Marginal Distribution Functions, Conditional Distribution and Density –Statistical Independence, Sum of Two Random Variables, Sum of Several Random Variables, Central Limit Theorem, Unequal Distribution, Equal Distributions.

    UNIT V

    OPERATIONS ON MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES : Expected Value of a Function of Random Variables: Joint Moments about the Origin, Joint Central Moments, Joint Characteristic Functions, Jointly Gaussian Random Variables: Two Random Variables case, N Random Variable case, Properties, Transformations of Multiple Random Variables, Linear Transformations of Gaussian Random Variables.

    UNIT VI

    RANDOM PROCESSES – TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS : The Random Process Concept, Classification of Processes, Deterministic and Nondeterministic Processes, Distribution and Density Functions, concept of Stationarity and Statistical Independence. First-Order Stationary Processes, Second- Order and Wide-Sense Stationarity, (N-Order) and Strict-Sense Stationarity, Time Averages and Ergodicity, Mean-Ergodic Processes, Autocorrelation Function and Its Properties, Cross-Correlation Function and Its Properties, Covariance Functions,  Gaussian Random Processes, Poisson Random Process.

    UNIT VII

    RANDOM PROCESSES – SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS: The Power Spectrum: Properties, Relationship between Power Spectrum and Autocorrelation Function, The Cross-Power Density Spectrum, Properties, Relationship between Cross-Power Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Function.

    UNIT VIII

    LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH RANDOM INPUTS : Random Signal Response of Linear Systems: System Response – Convolution, Mean and Mean-squared Value of System Response, autocorrelation Function of Response, Cross-Correlation Functions of Input and Output, Spectral Characteristics of System Response: Power Density Spectrum of Response, Cross-Power Density Spectrums of Input and Output,  Band pass, Band-Limited and Narrowband Processes, Properties, Modeling of Noise Sources: Resistive (Thermal) Noise Source, Arbitrary Noise Sources, Effective Noise Temperature, Average Noise Figures, Average Noise Figure of cascaded networks.

    TEXT BOOKS :

    1. Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles – Peyton Z. Peebles, TMH, 4th Edition, 2001.

    2. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes – Athanasios Papoulis and S.    Unnikrishna Pillai, PHI, 4th Edition, 2002.

    REFERENCES :

    1. Probability and Random Processes with Application to Signal Processing – Henry Stark and     John W. Woods, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition.

    2. Probability Methods of Signal and System Analysis. George R. Cooper, Clave D. MC Gillem, Oxford, 3rd Edition, 1999.

    3.Statistical Theory of Communication – S.P. Eugene Xavier, New Age Publications, 2003.

    4.Probability Thory and Stochastic Process – B Prabhakara Rao

    NETWORK ANALYSIS

    UNIT – I

    Introduction to Electrical Circuits : Network elements classification, Electric charge and current, Electric energy and potential, Resistance parameter – series and parallel combination, Inductance parameter – series and parallel combination, Capacitance parameter – series and parallel combination. Energy sources: Ideal, Non-ideal, Independent and dependent sources, Source transformation, Kirchoff’s laws, Mesh analysis and Nodal analysis problem solving with resistances only including dependent sources also. (Text Books: 1,2,3, Reference Books: 3)

    UNIT – II

    A.C Fundamentals and Network Topology: Definitions of terms associated with periodic functions: Time period, Angular velocity and frequency, RMS value, Average value, Form factor and peak factor- problem solving, Phase angle, Phasor representation, Addition and subtraction of phasors, mathematical representation of sinusoidal quantities, explanation with relevant theory, problem solving. Principal of Duality with examples.

    Network Topology: Definitions of branch, node, tree, planar, non-planar graph, incidence matrix, basic tie set schedule, basic cut set schedule. (Text Books: 2,3, Reference Books: 3)

    UNIT – III

    Steady State Analysis of A.C Circuits : Response to sinusoidal excitation – pure resistance, pure inductance, pure capacitance, impedance concept, phase angle, series R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits problem solving. Complex impedance and phasor notation for R-L, R-C, R-L-C problem solving using mesh and nodal analysis, Star-Delta conversion, problem solving. (Text Books: 1,2, Reference Books: 3)

    UNIT – IV

    Coupled Circuits and Resonance : Coupled Circuits: Self inductance, Mutual inductance, Coefficient of coupling, analysis of coupled circuits, Natural current, Dot rule of coupled circuits, Conductively coupled equivalent circuits- problem solving.

    Resonance: Introduction, Definition of Q, Series resonance, Bandwidth of series resonance, Parallel resonance, Condition for maximum impedance, current in anti resonance, Bandwidth of parallel resonance, general case- resistance present in both branches, anti resonance at all frequencies. (Text Books:2,3, Reference Books: 3)

    UNIT – V

    Network Theorems: Thevinin’s, Norton’s,  Milliman’s, Reciprocity, Compensation, Substitution, Max Power Transfer, Tellegens- problem solving using dependent sources also. (Text Books: 1,2,3, Reference Books: 2)

    UNIT – VI

    Two-port networks : Relationship of two port networks, Z-parameters, Y-parameters, Transmission line parameters, h-parameters, Inverse h-parameters, Inverse Transmission line parameters, Relationship between parameter sets, Parallel connection of two port networks, Cascading of two port networks, series connection of two port networks, problem solving including dependent sources also. (Text Books: 1,2, Reference Books: 1,3)

    UNIT – VII

    Transients : First order differential equations, Definition of time constants, R-L circuit, R-C circuit with DC excitation, Evaluating initial conditions procedure, second order differential equations, homogeneous, non-homogenous, problem solving using R-L-C elements with DC excitation and AC excitation, Response as related to s-plane rotation of roots. Solutions using Laplace transform method. (Text Books: 1,2,3, Reference Books: 1,3)

    UNIT – VIII

    Filters : L.P.F, H.P.F, B.P.F, Band Elimination, All pass prototype filters design, M-derived filters of L.P. and H.P. filters only,  Composite design of L.P. and H.P filters. (Text Books: 2, Reference Books: 2,3)

    TEXT BOOKS :

    1. Network Analysis – ME Van Valkenburg, Prentice Hall of India, 3rd Edition, 2000.

    2.Network Analysis by K.Satya Prasad and S Sivanagaraju, Cengage Learning

    3. Electric Circuit Analysis by  Hayt and Kimmarle, TMH

    REFERENCES :

    1. Network lines and Fields by John. D. Ryder 2nd edition, Asia publishing house.

    2. Basic Circuit Analysis by  DR Cunninghan, Jaico Publishers.

    3. Network Analysis and Filter Design  by Chadha,  Umesh Publications.

    ***

    SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

    UNIT I

    SIGNAL ANALYSIS : Analogy between vectors and signals, Orthogonal signal space, Signal approximation using orthogonal functions, Mean square error, Closed or complete set of orthogonal functions, Orthogonality in complex functions, Exponential and sinusoidal signals, Concepts of Impulse function, Unit step function, Signum function.

    UNIT II

    FOURIER SERIES REPRESENTATION OF PERIODIC SIGNALS : Representation of Fourier series, Continuous time periodic signals, properties of Fourier series, Dirichlet’s conditions, Trigonometric Fourier series and Exponential Fourier series, Complex Fourier spectrum

    UNIT III

    FOURIER TRANSFORMS : Deriving Fourier transform from Fourier series, Fourier transform of arbitrary signal, Fourier transform of standard signals, Fourier transform of periodic signals, properties of Fourier transforms, Fourier transforms involving impulse function and Signum function. Introduction to Hilbert Transform.

    UNIT IV

    SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS : Linear system, impulse response, Response of a linear system, Linear time invariant (LTI) system, Linear time variant (LTV) system, Transfer function of a LTI system. Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortion less transmission through a system, Signal bandwidth, system bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics, Causality and Poly-Wiener criterion for physical realization, relationship between bandwidth and rise time.

    UNIT V

    CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION OF SIGNALS : Concept of convolution in time domain and frequency domain, Graphical representation of convolution, Convolution property of Fourier transforms.  Cross correlation and auto correlation of functions, properties of correlation function, Energy density spectrum, Parseval’s theorem, Power density spectrum, Relation between auto correlation function and energy/power spectral density function. Relation between convolution and correlation, Detection of periodic signals in the presence of noise by correlation, Extraction of signal from noise by filtering.

    UNIT VI

    SAMPLING : Sampling theorem – Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, impulse sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect of under sampling – Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass sampling.

    UNIT VII

    LAPLACE TRANSFORMS :Review of Laplace transforms, Partial fraction expansion, Inverse Laplace transform, Concept of region of convergence (ROC) for Laplace transforms, constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Properties of L.T’s, Relation between L.T’s, and F.T. of a signal. Laplace transform of certain signals using waveform synthesis.

    UNIT VIII

    Z–TRANSFORMS : Fundamental difference between continuous and discrete time signals, discrete time signal representation using complex exponential and sinusoidal components, Periodicity of discrete time using complex exponential signal, Concept of Z- Transform of a discrete sequence. Distinction between Laplace, Fourier and Z transforms. Region of convergence in Z-Transform, constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Inverse Z-transform, properties of Z-transforms.

    TEXT BOOKS :

    1. Signals, Systems & Communications – B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2003.

    2. Signals and Systems – A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, PHI, 2nd Edn.

    3. Signals and Systems – Narayan Iyer and K Satya Prasad , Cenage Pub.

    REFERENCES :

    1. Signals & Systems – Simon Haykin and Van Veen,Wiley, 2nd Edition.

    2. Signals & Systems- K R Rajeswari and B V Rao , PHI

    3. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems Michel J. Robert, MGH International Edition, 2008.

    ***


    ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

    UNIT I

    DC MACHINES : Principle of operation of DC Machines- EMF equation – Types of generators – Magnetization and load characteristics of DC generators

    UNIT II

    D.C. MOTORS : DC Motors – Types of DC Motors – Characteristics of DC motors – 3-point starters for DC shunt motor – Losses and efficiency – Swinburne’s test – Speed control of DC shunt motor – Flux and Armature voltage control methods.

    UNIT III

    TRANSFORMERS : Principle of operation of single phase transformer – types – Constructional features – Phasor diagram on No Load and Load – Equivalent circuit

    UNIT IV

    PERFORMANCE OF TRANSFORMERS : Losses and Efficiency of transformer and Regulation – OC and SC tests – Predetermination of efficiency and regulation (Simple Problems).

    UNIT V

    THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR : Principle of operation of three-phase induction motors –Slip ring and Squirrel cage motors – Slip-Torque characteristics – Efficiency calculation – Starting methods.

    UNIT VI

    ALTERNATORS : Alternators – Constructional features – Principle of operation – Types – EMF Equation – Distribution and Coil span factors – Predetermination of regulation by Synchronous Impedance Method – OC and SC tests.

    UNIT VII

    SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS : Principle of operation – Shaded pole motors – Capacitor motors, AC servomotor, AC tachometers, Synchros, Stepper Motors – Characteristics.

    UNIT VIII

    ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS : Basic Principles of indicating instruments – Moving Coil and Moving iron Instruments (Ammeters and Voltmeters)

    TEXT BOOKS :

    1. Introduction to Electrical Engineering – M.S Naidu and S. Kamakshaiah, TMH Publ.

    2. Basic Electrical Engineering – T.K. Nagasarkar and M.S.Sukhija, Oxford University Press, 2005

    REFERENCES :

    1. Principles of Electrical Engineering – V.K Mehta, S.Chand Publications.

    2. Theory and Problems of basic electrical engineering – I.J. Nagarath amd D.P Kothari, PHI  Publications

    3. Essentials of Electrical and Computer Engineering – David V. Kerns, JR. J. David Irwin

    ***

    ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LAB

    PART A : (Only for viva voce Examination)

    ELECTRONIC WORKSHOP PRACTICE ( in 6 lab sessions) :

    1. Identification, Specifications, Testing of R, L, C Components (Colour Codes), Potentiometers, Switches (SPDT, DPDT, and DIP), Coils, Gang Condensers, Relays, Bread Boards.

    2. Identification, Specifications and Testing of Active Devices, Diodes, BJTs, Lowpower JFETs, MOSFETs, Power Transistors, LEDs, LCDs, Optoelectronic Devices, SCR, UJT, DIACs, TRIACs, Linear and Digital ICs.

    3. Soldering practice – Simple Circuits using active and passive components.

    4. Single layer and Multi layer PCBs (Identification and Utility).

    5. Study and operation of

    • Multimeters (Analog and Digital)

    • Function Generator

    • Regulated Power Supplies

    1. Study and Operation of CRO.

    PART B : (For Laboratory examination – Minimum of 10 experiments)

    1.  Frequency measurment using Lissajous Figures

    2. PN Junction diode characteristics   A. Forward bias  B. Reverse bias.( cut-in voltage & Resistance calculations)

    3. Zener diode characteristics and Zener as a regulator

    4. Transistor CB characteristics (Input and Output) & h Parameter calculations

    5. Transistor CE characteristics (Input and Output) & h Parameter calculations

    6. Rectifier without filters (Full wave & Half wave)

    7. Rectifier with filters (Full wave & Half wave)

    8. FET characteristics

    9. SCR Charecteristics

    10. UJT Charectristics

    11. CE Amplifier

    12. CC Amplifier (Emitter Follower).

    13. Single stage R-C coupled Amplifier.

    PART C:

    Equipment required for Laboratories:

    1. Regulated Power supplies (RPS)                    –           0-30v
    2. CROs                                                              –           0-20M Hz.
    3. Function Generators                                       –           0-1 M Hz.
    4. Multimeters
    5. Decade Resitance Boxes/Rheostats
    6. Decade Capacitance Boxes
    7. Micro Ammeters (Analog or Digital)  –           0-20 µA, 0-50µA, 0-100µA, 0-200µA
    8. Voltmeters (Analog or Digital)                       –           0-50V, 0-100V, 0-250V
    9. Electronic Components                                  –           Resistors, Capacitors, BJTs, LCDs,                                                                                        SCRs,  UJTs, FETs, LEDs,

    MOSFETs,diodes,transistors

    ***

    NETWORKS & ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB

    PART – A

    1. Serial and Parallel Resonance – Timing, Resonant frequency, Bandwidth and Q-factor     determination for RLC network.

    2. Time response of first order RC/RL network for periodic non-sinusoidal inputs – time constant and steady state error determination.

    3. Two port network parameters – Z-Y Parameters, chain matrix and analytical verification.

    4. Verification of Superposition and Reciprocity theorems.

    5. Verification of maximum power transfer theorem. Verification on DC, verification on AC with Resistive and Reactive loads.

    6. Experimental determination of Thevenin’s and Norton’s equivalent circuits and verification by direct test.

    PART – B

    1. Magnetization characteristics of D.C. Shunt generator. Determination of critical field resistance.

    2. Swinburne’s Test on DC shunt machine (Predetermination of efficiency of a given DC Shunt machine working as motor and generator).

    3. Brake test on DC shunt motor. Determination of performance characteristics.

    4. OC & SC tests on Single-phase transformer (Predetermination of efficiency and regulation at given power factors and determination of equivalent circuit).

    5. Brake test on 3-phase Induction motor (performance characteristics).

    6. Regulation of alternator by synchronous impedance method

    Electronic Circuit Analysis

    Unit I

    Single stage Amplifiers : Simplified Common Emitter hybrid model, simplfied calculations for the common collector configuration and common base amplifier, Common emitter amplifier with emitter resistance, Emitter follower, Miller’s Theorem and dual of Millers theorem,

    FET small signal model, Low frequency common source and common drain amplifiers, FET as Voltage Variable Resistor, Biasing the FET

    UNIT- II

    Feedback Amplifiers : Classification of Amplifiers, Feedback concept, Transfer Gain with feedback, General characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers, Effect of Feedback on input and output Resistances, Method of Analysis of Feedback Amplifiers,  Voltage series, voltage shunt, current series, and current shunt feedback amplifiers with discrete components and their analysis

    UNIT-III

    Oscillators : Condition  for oscillations. RC-phase shift oscillators with Transistor and FET with necessary derivation for frequency of oscillation, Hartley and Colpitts oscillators, Wein bridge oscillator, Crystal oscillators, Frequency and amplitude stability of oscillators, Negative Resistance in Oscillator

    Unit IV

    Multistage Amplifier : Cascading Transistor Amplifiers, Choice of Transistor configuration in Cascade amplifier, High input Resistance Transistor Circuits – Darlington pair, Cascode amplifier, Frequency response and analysis of RC Coupling, Direct coupling and Transformer coupling, Difference amplifier Two Stage RC Coupled JFET amplifiers (in Common Source (CS) configuration).

    Unit V

    High Frequency Transistor and FET Circuits : Transistor at High Frequencies, Hybrid- ? Common Emitter transistor model, Hybrid ? conductances, Hybrid ? capacitances, Validity of hybrid ? model,  Variation of Hybrid Parameters, CE short circuit gain, Current gain with resistive load, Single stage CE transistor amplifier response, Gain Bandwidth product, Emitter follower at High frequencies.

    FET: Common Source amplifier at Higher Frequencies, and Common Drain Amplifier at High frequencies

    Unit VI

    Power Amplifiers: Class A large signal Amplifiers, Second harmonic Distortions, Higher order harmonic Distortion, Transformer Coupled Audio power amplifier, Efficiency, Push-pull amplifiers, Class B Amplifiers, Class AB operation, Efficiency of Class B Amplifier, Complementary Symmetry push pull amplifier, Class D amplifier, Class S amplifier, MOSFET power amplifier, Thermal stability and Heat sink

    Unit VII

    Tuned Amplifiers : Introduction, Q-Factor, Small Signal Tuned Amplifier – Capacitance single tuned amplifier, Double Tuned Amplifiers, Effect of Cascading Single tuned amplifiers on Band width, Effect of Cascading Double tuned amplifiers on Band width, Staggered tuned amplifiers, Stability of tuned amplifiers

    Unit VIII

    Voltage Regulators : Voltage regulation – Line Regulation, Load Regulation, Types of Regulators,  Series voltage regulator , shunt regulators, Overload Voltage protection.

    Text Books :

    1. Integrated Electronics – J. Millman  and  C.C. Halkias, Mc Graw-Hill, 1972.
    1. Electronic Devices and Circuits –  Salivahanan, N.Suressh Kumar,    A. Vallavaraj, TATA McGraw Hill, Second Edition
    1. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits – Robert T. Paynter, Pearson Education, 7th Edition

    References :

    1. Electronic Devices and Circuits Theory – Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Pearson/Prentice Hall,  9th Edition, 2006.

    2.     Micro Electronic Circuits – Sedra A.S. and K.C. Smith, Oxford University Press, 5th ed.

    3.     Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design – Donald  A. Neaman, Mc Graw Hill.

    ***

    CONTROL SYSTEMS

    Objective :

    In this course it is aimed to introduce to the students the principles and applications of control systems in every day life.  The basic concepts of block diagram reduction, time domain analysis solutions to time invariant systems and also deals with the different aspects of stability analysis of systems in frequency domain and time domain.

    UNIT – I         INTRODUCTION

    Concepts of Control Systems- Open Loop and closed loop control systems and their differences- Different examples of control systems- Classification of control systems, Feed-Back Characteristics, Effects of feedback.

    Mathematical models – Differential equations,  Impulse Response and transfer functions – Translational and Rotational mechanical systems

    UNIT II         TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESENTATION

    Transfer Function of DC Servo motor – AC Servo motor- Synchro transmitter and Receiver, Block diagram representation of systems considering electrical systems as examples -Block diagram algebra – Representation by Signal flow graph – Reduction using mason’s gain formula.

    UNIT-III        TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS

    Standard test signals – Time response of first order systems – Characteristic Equation of Feedback control systems, Transient response of second order systems – Time domain specifications – Steady state response – Steady state errors and error constants – Effects of proportional derivative, proportional integral systems.

    UNIT – IV

    STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S-DOMAIN : The concept of stability – Routh’s stability criterion – qualitative stability and conditional stability – limitations of Routh’s stability

    Root Locus Technique: The root locus concept – construction of root loci-effects of adding poles and zeros to G(s)H(s) on the root loci.

    UNIT – V

    FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS : Introduction, Frequency domain specifications-Bode diagrams-Determination of Frequency domain specifications and transfer function from the Bode Diagram-Phase margin and Gain margin-Stability Analysis from Bode Plots.

    UNIT – VI

    STABILITY ANALYSIS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN : Polar Plots, Nyquist Plots Stability Analysis.

    UNIT – VII

    CLASSICAL CONTROL DESIGN TECHNIQUES : Compensation techniques – Lag, Lead, Lead-Lag Controllers design in frequency Domain, PID Controllers.

    UNIT – VIII

    State Space Analysis of Continuous Systems Concepts of state, state variables and state model, derivation of state models from block diagrams, Diagonalization- Solving the Time invariant state Equations- State Transition Matrix and it’s Properties – Concepts of Controllability and Observability

    TEXT BOOKS:

    1. Automatic Control Systems 8th edition– by B. C. Kuo 2003– John wiley and son’s.,

    2. Control Systems Engineering – by I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, New Age International  (P)   Limited,Pub. 2nd edition.

    REFERENCE BOOKS:

    1. Modern Control Engineering – by Katsuhiko Ogata – Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 3rd edition, 1998.
    2. Control Systems by N.K.Sinha, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, 3rd Edition, 1998.
    3. Control Systems Engg. by NISE 3rd Edition – John wiley
    4. “ Modelling & Control Of Dynamic Systems” by  Narciso F. Macia  George J. Thaler, Thomson Publishers.

    ***

    Pulse and Digital Circuits

    Unit I

    Linear wave shaping  : High pass, low pass RC circuits, their response for sinusoidal, step, pulse, square and ramp inputs. RC network as differentiator and integrator, double differentiation, attenuators, RL and RLC circuits and their response for step input, Ringing circuit.

    UNIT II

    Non – Linear Wave Shaping  : Diode clippers, Transistor clippers, clipping at two independent levels, Transfer characteristics of clippers, Emitter coupled clipper, Comparators, applications of voltage comparators, clamping operation, clamping circuits using diode with different inputs, Clamping circuit theorem, practical clamping circuits, effect of diode characteristics on clamping voltage, Transfer characteristics of clampers.

    Unit IIII

    Switching Characteristics of Devices: Diode and Transistor as switches, Break down voltage consideration of transistor, saturation parameters of Transistor and their variation with temperature, Design of transistor switch, transistor-switching times.

    Digital Logic gate circuits:   Realization of Logic Gates using DTL, TTL,ECL and CMOS logic circuits ,Comparison of logic families

    Unit IV

    Multivibrator: Analysis & Design of Bistable Multivibrators : Fixed bias& self biased transistor binary, Commutating capacitors, Triggering in binary, Schmitt trigger circuit,Applications

    UNIT V

    Multivibrators(Cotnd.): Analysis & design of  Monostable  Multivibrator: Collector-coupled and Emitter-coupled Monostable multivibrators, Triggering in monostable multi;

    Analysis & design of Astable multivibrator (Collector coupled  and Emitter-coupled) using transistors.

    UNIT VI

    Time Base Generators

    General features of a time base signal, methods of generating time base waveform, Miller and Bootstrap time base generators – basic principles, Transistor miller time base generator, Transistor Bootstrap time base generator, Current time base generators.

    Unit VII

    Synchronization and Frequency Division : Principles of Synchronization, Frequency division in sweep circuit, Astable relaxation circuits, Monostable relaxation circuits, Phase delay&phase jitters;Synchronization of a sweep circuit with symmetrical signals, Sine wave frequency division with a sweep circuit.

    Unit VIII

    Blocking oscillators & Sampling Gates:

    Blocking oscillators: Monostable blocking oscillators (Basetiming& Emitter timing): Astable blocking oscillators (Diode-Controlled & RC controlled), Applications

    Sampling gates; Basic operating principles of sampling gates, Unidirectional and Bi-directional sampling gates, Reduction of pedestal in gate circuits, Four-diode sampling gates; Applications of sampling gates.

    Text Books :

    1 . J. Millman and H. Taub,  “Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms”,  McGraw-Hill, 1991.

    2.  A. Anand Kumar, “Pulse and Digital Circuits”, PHI, 2005.Second Edition

    References :

    1. Venkat Rao. K. Ramasudha K, Manmadha Rao G, “Pulse and Digital Circuits,” Pearson Education, 2010

    2.David J.Comer,”Digital Logic  State Machine Design’, Oxford University Press,2008,Third Edition

    ***

    SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC DESIGN

    UNIT I: Review of Number systems:

    Representation of numbers of different radix, conversion of numbers from one radix to another radix, r-1’s complement and r’s complement of unsigned numbers subtraction, problem solving. Signed binary numbers, different forms, problem solving for subtraction. 4-bit codes: BCD, EXCESS 3, alphanumeric codes,9’s complement, 2421, etc..  (Text Books: 2,3, Reference Books: 1,3)

    UNIT II

    Logic operation, error detection and correction codes: Basic logic operations NOT, OR,AND,Boolean theorems, Complement and dual of logical expressions, NAND and NOR Gates, EX-OR, EX-NOR Gates, standard SOP and POS, Minimisation of  logic functions using theorems, Generation of self dual functions. Gray code, error detection and error correction codes, parity checking even parity, odd parity, Hamming code, multi leveled AND-NOR Realisations. Two level NAND-NAND and NOR-NOR realizations. Degenerative forms and multi level realizations. (Text Books: 1,2,3, Reference Books: 1,3)

    UNIT III

    Minimisation of switching functions: Minimisation of switching functions using K-Map up to 6-variables, Tabular minimization, minimal SOP and POS Realisation. Problem solving using K-map such as code converters binary multiplier etc.,(Text Books: 1,2 , Reference Books: 1,3)

    UNIT IV

    Combinational logic circuits-I: Design of Half adder, full adder, half subtractor, full subtractor, applications of full adders, 4-bit binary adder, 4-bit binary subtractor, adder-subtractor circuit, BCD adder circuit Excess3 adder circuit, look-a-head adder circuit. (Text Books: 2,3 , Reference Books: 1,2)

    UNIT V

    Combinational logic circuits-II: Design of decoder, Demultiplexer, higher order demultiplexing, encoder, multiplexer, higher order multiplexer, realization of Boolean functions using decoders and multiplexers, priority encoder, different code converter using full adders. (Text Books: 1,2,3, Reference Books: 1,2)

    UNIT VI

    Combinational logic circuits-III: PROM,PLA,PAL, realization of switching functions using PROM,PLA and PAL; comparison of PROM,PLA,and PAL, Programming tables of PROM,PLA and PAL. (Text Books: 1,2,3, Reference Books: 1,3)

    UNIT VII

    Sequential circuits I: Classification of sequential circuits (synchronous and asynchronous): basic flip-flops, truth tables and excitation tables (nand RS latch, nor RS latch, RS flip-flop. JK flip-flop, T flip-flop, D flip-flop with reset and clear terminals).Conversion of flip-flop to flip-flop. Design of ripple counters, design of synchronous counters, Johnson counters, ring counters. Design of registers, Buffer register, control buffer register, shift register, bi-directional shift register, universal shift register. (Text Books: 1,2,3, Reference Books: 1,2)

    UNIT VIII

    Sequential circuits II: Finite state machine, capabilities and limitations, analysis of clocked sequential circuits, design procedures, reduction of state tables and state assignment. Realization of circuits using various flip-flops. Meelay to Moore conversion and vice-versa. (Text Books: 1,3, Reference Books: 1,3)

    TEXTBOOKS:

    1. Switching theory and logic design by Hill and Peterson Mc-Graw Hill MH edition
    2. Modern Digital Electronics by RP Jain, TMH.
    3. Fundamentals of Digital Circuits by Ananda Kumar, EEE  Editiion.

    Reference Books:

    1. Digital design by Mano 2nd edition PHI.

    2. Micro electronics by Millman MH edition.

    3. Fundamentals of Logic Design by Charles H.Roth Jr, Jaico Publishers.

    ***

    EM WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES

    Review of Coordinate Systems, Vector Calculus :

    UNIT I

    ELECTROSTATICS: Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity – Fields due to Different Charge Distributions, Electric Flux Density, Gauss Law and Applications, Electric Potential, Relations Between E and V, Maxwell’s Two Equations for Electrostatic Fields, Energy Density, Related Problems. Convection and Conduction Currents, Dielectric Constant, Isotropic and Homogeneous Dielectrics, Continuity Equation, Relaxation Time, Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations; Capacitance – Parallel Plate, Coaxial, Spherical Capacitors, Related Problems.

    UNIT II

    Magneto Statics : Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law and Applications, Magnetic Flux Density, Maxwell’s Two Equations for Magnetostatic Fields, Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials, Forces due to Magnetic Fields, Ampere’s Force Law, Inductances and Magnetic Energy. Related Problems.

    UNIT III

    Maxwell’s Equations (Time Varying Fields): Faraday’s Law and Transformer emf, Inconsistency of Ampere’s Law and Displacement Current Density, Maxwell’s Equations in Different Final Forms and Word Statements. Conditions at a Boundary Surface : Dielectric-Dielectric and Dielectric-Conductor Interfaces. Related Problems .

    UNIT IV

    EM Wave Characteristics – I: Wave Equations for Conducting and Perfect Dielectric Media, Uniform Plane Waves – Definition, All Relations Between E & H. Sinusoidal Variations. Wave Propagation in Lossless and Conducting Media. Conductors & Dielectrics – Characterization, Wave Propagation in Good Conductors and Good Dielectrics. Polarization. Related Problems.

    UNIT V

    EM Wave Characteristics – II: Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves – Normal and Oblique Incidences, for both Perfect Conductor and Perfect Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection, Surface Impedance. Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem – Applications, Power Loss in a Plane Conductor. Related Problems.

    UNIT V

    Guided Waves : Parallel Plane Waveguides: Introduction, TE, TM, TEM Modes – Concepts and Analysis, Cut-off Frequencies, Velocities, Wavelengths, Wave Impedances. Attenuations Factor – Expression for TEM Case. Related Problems.

    UNIT VII

    Transmission Lines – I : Types, Parameters, Transmission Line Equations, Primary & Secondary Constants, Expressions for Characteristic Impedance, Propagation Constant, Phase and Group Velocities, Infinite Line Concepts, Losslessness/Low Loss Characterization, Distortion – Condition for Distortionlessness and Minimum Attenuation, Loading – Types of Loading. Related Problems.

    UNIT VIII

    Transmission Lines – II : Input Impedance Relations, SC and OC Lines, Reflection Coefficient, VSWR. UHF Lines as Circuit Elements; ?/4, ? /2, ?/8 Lines – Impedance Transformations. Smith Chart – Configuration and Applications, Single and Double Stub Matching. Related Problems.

    TEXT BOOKS :

    1. Elements of Electromagnetic – Matthew N.O. Sadiku, Oxford Univ. Press, 3rd ed., 2001.

    2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2000.

    REFERENCES :

    1. Electromagnetic Fields and Wave Theory   –GSN Raju, Pearson Education 2006

    2.  Engineering Electromagnetics – Nathan Ida, Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2nd ed., 2005.

    3. Engineering Electromagnetics – William H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck, TMH, 7th ed., 2006.

    4. Transmission Lines and Networks – Umesh Sinha, Satya Prakashan (Tech. India Publications), New Delhi, 2001.

    ***

    ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

    UNIT I

    INTRODUCTION : Introduction to communication system, Need for modulation, Frequency Division Multiplexing , Amplitude Modulation, Definition, Time domain and frequency domain description, single tone modulation, power relations in AM waves, Generation of AM waves, square law Modulator, Switching modulator, Detection of AM Waves; Square law detector, Envelope detector.

    UNIT II

    DSB MODULATION : Double side band suppressed carrier modulators, time domain and frequency domain description, Generation of DSBSC Waves, Balanced Modulators, Ring Modulator, Coherent detection of DSB-SC Modulated waves, COSTAS Loop.

    UNIT III

    SSB MODULATION : Frequency domain description, Frequency discrimination method for generation of AM SSB Modulated Wave, Time domain description, Phase discrimination method for generating AM SSB Modulated waves. Demodulation of SSB Waves, Vestigial side band modulation: Frequency description, Generation of VSB Modulated wave, Time domain description, Envelope detection of a VSB Wave pulse Carrier, Comparison of AM Techniques, Applications of different AM Systems.

    UNIT IV

    ANGLE MODULATION : Basic concepts, Frequency Modulation: Single tone frequency modulation, Spectrum Analysis of Sinusoidal FM Wave, Narrow band FM, Wide band FM, Constant Average Power, Transmission bandwidth of FM Wave – Generation of FM Waves, Direct FM, Detection of FM Waves: Balanced Frequency discriminator, Zero crossing detector, Phase locked loop, Comparison of FM & AM.

    UNIT V

    NOISE : Noise in Analog communication System, Noise in DSB& SSB System Noise in AM System, Noise in Angle Modulation System, Threshold effect in Angle Modulation System, Pre-emphasis & de-emphasis

    UNIT VI

    TRANSMITTERS : Radio Transmitter – Classification of Transmitter, AM Transmitter, Effect of feedback on performance of AM Transmitter, FM Transmitter – Variable reactance type and phase modulated FM Transmitter, frequency stability in FM Transmitter.

    UNIT VII

    RECEIVERS : Radio Receiver – Receiver Types – Tuned radio frequency receiver, Superhetrodyne receiver, RF section and Characteristics – Frequency changing and tracking, Intermediate frequency, AGC, FM Receiver, Comparison with AM Receiver, Amplitude limiting.

    UNIT VIII

    PULSE MODULATION : Time Division Multiplexing, Types of Pulse modulation, PAM (Single polarity, double polarity) PWM: Generation & demodulation of PWM, PPM, Generation and demodulation of PPM

    TEXTBOOKS :

    1. Principles of Communication Systems – H Taub & D. Schilling, Gautam Sahe, TMH, 2007 3rd Edition.

    2. Communication Systems – B.P. Lathi, BS Publication, 2006.

    REFERENCES :

    1. Principles of Communication Systems – Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2nd Ed.,.

    2. Electronics & Communication System – George Kennedy and Bernard Davis, TMH 2004.

    3. Communication Systems– R.P. Singh, SP Sapre, Second Edition TMH, 2007.

    4. Fundamentals of Communication Systems –  John G. Proakis, Masond, Salehi PEA, 2006.

    ***

    ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LAB

    List of Experiments ( Twelve experiments to be done) :

    I) Design and Simulation in Simulation Laboratory using Multisim OR Pspice OR Equivalent Simulation Software. (Any Six):

    1. Common Emitter and Common Source amplifier

    2. Two Stage RC Coupled Amplifier

    3. FET amplifier (Common Source)

    4. Current shunt and Feedback Amplifier

    5. Cascade Amplifier

    6. Wien Bridge Oscillator using Transistors

    7. RC Phase Shift Oscillator using Transistors

    8. Class A Power Amplifier (Transformer less)

    9. Wien Bridge Oscillator

    10. RC Phase Shift Oscillator

    11. Feed back amplifier (Current Series& Voltage Series).

    12. Hartley Oscillator.

    13. Colpitts Oscillator.

    II) Testing in the Hardware Laboratory (Six Experiments : 3 + 3) :

    A) Any Three circuits simulated in Simulation laboratory

    B) Any Three of the following

    1. Class A Power Amplifier (with transformer load)

    2. Class B Power Amplifier

    3. Single Tuned Voltage Amplifier

    4. Series Voltage Regulator

    5. Shunt Voltage Regulator

    Equipments required for Laborataries:

    1. For software simultation of Electronic circuits

    i)                    Computer Systems with latest specifications

    ii)                  Connected in Lan (Optional)

    iii)                Operating system (Windows XP)

    iv)                Simulations software (Multisim/TINAPRO) Package

    1. For Hardware simulations of Electronic Circuits

    i)                    RPSs

    ii)                  CROs

    iii)                Functions Generators

    iv)                Multimeters

    v)                  Components

    ***

    PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS LAB

    Minimum Ten experiments to be conducted:

    1. Linear wave shaping.

    2. Non Linear wave shaping – Clippers.

    3. Non Linear wave shaping – Clampers.

    4. Logic gates with discrete components ( Diodes, Transistors)

    5.  Logic Gates & Some applications.

    6. Study of Flip-Flops & some applications.

    7. Sampling Gates.

    8. Astable Multivibrator. ( Voltage- Frequency convertor)

    9. Monostable Multivibrator.

    10. Bistable Multivibrator.

    11. Schmitt Trigger.

    12. UJT Relaxation Oscillator.

    13. Bootstrap sweep circuit.

    Equipment required for Laboratories:

    1. RPS                    –           0 – 30 V
    2. CRO                   –           0 – 20 M Hz.
    3. Function Generators      –           0 – 1 M Hz
    4. Components
    5. Multi Meters

    ***

    Click on the below link to Download:

    JNTU-KKD : Proposed Course Structure and Syllabus – B.Tech (ECE) – II YEAR – R10 Students.

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