Download MBBS Anatomy PPT 91 Joints I Gk Notes

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Learning objectives

? Definition & classification - Joints

? General features of different types of joints.

? Clinical Anatomy

JOINTS

A site where two or more bones come

together, whether or not movement

occurs between them, is called a joint.
Classification of Joints

?Functional classification ? movements

? Immovable joints (SYNARTHROSES)

? Movable joints (DIARTHROSES)



?Structural classification

? Fibrous joints,

? Cartilaginous joints,

? Synovial joints.

Functions:

? Permit movement

? Growth

? Molding during childbirth

? Concerned with differential growth

? Transmission of forces


Structural Classification

a) Fibrous

Fibrous connective tissue

Al ows very little movement.

b) Cartilaginous



Cartilage either hyaline or

fibrocartilage

Al ows slight movement.

c) Synovial

Bony surfaces are covered

in (hyaline) articular

cartilage and separated by

a film of viscous synovial

fluid that serves as a

lubricant.

Freely moving joints


Structural Classification

a) Fibrous e.g. i) Sutures,

ii) Syndesmosis

ii ) Gomphosis

b) Cartilaginous e.g. i) Primary Cartilaginous

ii) Secondary cartilaginous

c) Synovial e.g. i) Uniaxial: Pivot, Hinge-- Bicondylar

ii) Biaxial: El ipsoid , Saddle



ii ) Polyaxial: Bal & Socket

Movements

Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Circumduction
Rotation




SYNARTHROSES / FIBROUS JOINTS

? Bones connected by fibrous tissue: dense

regular connective tissue

? No joint cavity
? Slightly movable or immovable

BONE-- fibrous connective tissue--BONE

SYNDESMOSIS

SUTURES

GOMPHOSIS

SCHINDYLESIS


SUTURES
bone--col agenous sutural ligament--bone

-Present only between bones of skull.

-Fibrous tissue is

continuous with

periosteum

-Sutures ossify and

fuse in middle age:

Called "synostoses"


TYPES OF SUTURES

PLANE SUTURE

?Simple apposition of contiguous surfaces,

? usualy rough and

reciprocal y irregular,

Examples

? sutures between the

palatine bones,

? between the maxil ae and

at the palatomaxil ary sutures.

Denticulate Suture

Has smal tooth like projections,

often widening towards their

ends to provide effective

interlocking.

When united by sutural

ligament and periosteum, such

sutures are almost completely

immobile

The lambdoid suture is a

denticulate suture.


SERRATED SUTURE

The sagittal suture is serrated.

Squamous suture

Where bones overlap,

as at the temporo-

parietal suture, a

squamous suture is

formed; the adjacent

bone surfaces are

reciprocal y bevelled.


Syndesmoses

?In Greek: "ligament"

?Bones connected by

ligaments only

?Amount of movement

depends on length of

the fibers: longer than

in sutures

Gomphoses

?Is a "peg-in-socket"

?Only example is tooth

with its socket

?Ligament is a short

periodontal ligament


Schindylesis
?Special kind of suture.
?Between Ala of Vomer

and

?Rostrum of Sphenoid

Cartilagenous joints

?Articulating bones united by cartilage
?Lack a joint cavity
?Slightly movable
?Two types

?Synchondroses (singular:

synchondrosis)

?Symphyses (singular: symphysis)


Synchondroses

Primary Cartilaginous Joints

?Literally: "junction of cartilage"

?A plate or bar of Hyaline cartilage unites

the bones

?Immovable (synarthroses)

?Examples:

?Epiphyseal plates between epiphysis and

diaphysis of growing bone.

?Joint between first rib's costal cartilage and

manubrium of the sternum

Synchondrosis

Symphysis


Symphyses

Secondary Cartilaginous Joints

?Literally "growing together"
?Fibrocartilage unites the bones

?Slightly movable (amphiarthroses)

?Resilient shock absorber

?Provide strength and flexibility

?Hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces of bones

to reduce friction

?Examples

?Intervertebral discs

?Pubic symphysis of the pelvis

Symphysis

Intervertebral Disc

Pubic Symphysis


MCQS

In what joint is the root of a tooth attached to a

periodontal ligament and held into a tooth socket?

A.Gomphosis

B. Sutures

C. Syndesmosis

D.Serrate suture
___________________is a type of cushioning

joint that allows limited movement and is found

both in the symphysis pubis and in intervertebral

discs.

A. Gomphosis

B. Symphysis

C. Synchondroses

D. Syndesmosis

An epiphyseal plate is what type of joint, even

though it is temporary?

A. Suture

B. Symphysis

C. Synchondroses

D. Syndesmosis
The joint between adjacent vertebrae that

includes an invertebral disc is classified as

which type of joint?

1.diarthrosis

2.multiaxial

3.amphiarthrosis

4.synarthrosis