Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st year (First Year) Biochemistry ppt lectures Topic 5 L6 Glycolipids Notes. - biochemistry notes pdf, biochemistry mbbs 1st year notes pdf, biochemistry mbbs notes pdf, biochemistry lecture notes, paramedical biochemistry notes, medical biochemistry pdf, biochemistry lecture notes 2022 ppt, biochemistry pdf.
Glycolipids
OR
Glycosphingolipids
What are Glycolipids?
? Glycolipids are type of compound
Lipids.
? Chemical y Esters of Fatty acids with
Alcohol and contain additional group
as Carbohydrate moieties
Types Of Glycosphingolipids
Based Upon
? Alcohol
? Fatty acid
? Number and Type of Carbohydrate
moieties and there derivatives
linked to a Ceramide
Types OF Glycolipids
Based on Alcohol
1. Glycoglycerolipids
( More In Plants)
Glycerol as Alcohol
2. Glycosphingolipids
(Predominant in Animals and Human)
Sphingosine as Alcohol
Glycosphingolipids
Predominant Animal Glycolipids
? Ceramide linked with one or
more sugar residues /there
derivatives
Human Glycosphingolipids
Al has Ceramide in Their Str
1) Cerebrosides
2) Gangliosides
3) Globosides
Cerebrosides
Simplest GlycoSphingolipids
Monoglycosylceramide
Cerebrosides
? Cerebrosides are type of
Glycosphingolipids
? Ceramide linked with one
sugar residue
Types of Cerebrosides
? Depending upon Carbohydrate moiety
Types of Cerebrosides are:
?Glucocerebrosides
(Occur In Extra neural/Other tissues)
?Galactocerebrosides
(Present In Neural)
Structures Of Cerebrosides
Galactocerebroside
Cerebrosides
Fatty Acid Composed In
Kerasin
Lignoceric acid (C24)
SFA
Cerebron
Cerebronic acid (C24)
Hydroxy SFA
Types of Cerebrosides based on Fatty acids:
Nervon
Nervonic acid (C24)
MUFA
Oxynervon
Oxynervonic acid (C24)
MUFA
Gangliosides
Complex Glycosphingolipids
Gangliosides
? Gangliosides are Type of
Glycosphingolipids
? In comparison to Cerebrosides,
Gangliosides are more
complex.
NANA in Gangliosides
? Characteristic feature of
Gangliosides is
? Structure contains one or more
N-Acetyl Neuraminic Acid
(NANA)/Sialic acid residues
? NANA/Sialic acid is derived
from N-Acetyl Mannose
and Pyruvate.
? Gangliosides structure has
Carbohydrate moieties as
?Glucose
?Galactose
?N-Acetyl Galactosamine
?N-Acetyl Neuraminic Acid
(NANA)/Sialic acid.
Structure Of Gangliosides
? GM3 is more common and
simplest Ganglioside.
? GM3 has single Sialic acid
and less carbohydrate
moieties.
? GM1 is a more complex
Ganglioside.
? GM1 is obtained from GM3.
Types Of Gangliosides
? Depending upon the Chemical structure and
Chromatographic separations
? More than 30 Types of Gangliosides are
isolated:
Types Of Gangliosides
? Based on Number and Position of
NANAs in Ganglioside structure
? Various types and subtypes of
Gangliosides are existing in human
body
Types of Gangliosides
?Gangliosides with one NANA residue
? GM1
? GM2
? GM3
?Gangliosides with two NANA residues
? GD
?Gangliosides with three NANA residues
? GT
Sources Of GlycoSphingolipids
? Dietary has no much role
? All forms of Glycolipids Endogenously
Biosynthesized
? Utilized for Structure and Functional Role
Occurrence/Distribution
Of Glycolipids
? Glycosphingolipids are widely distributed
? In every cel and tissue of human body
? Occur particularly in outer leaflet of Cel
membrane/Glycocalyx /Cel Rafts
? They are richly present in nervous cel s.
?Glycolipids occur on the
outer surface of every
cel membrane as
component of
Glycocalyx /(Cel raft).
?Cerebrosides: Richly present in
?White matter of brain
?Myelin sheath
?Gangliosides: Predominantly
present in
?Grey matter of brain
?Ganglions and Dendrites
Functions Of Glycolipids
? Glycolipids are richly present
in nervous tissue, they help in:
? Development and function of
brain.
? Nerve impulse conduction
? Glycolipids present in cell membranes
Serve as :
?Antigens
? Blood group Antigens
? Embryonic Antigen
?Receptor sites for Hormones.
? Glycolipids of cel membrane serve as:
? Markers for cel ular recognition which
helps in:
?Cel Functioning
?Cel -Cel interaction
?Cel Signaling/Signal Transduction
?Anchoring sites for Antigens, Toxin and
Pathogens
?Cel Growth and Differentiation
? GM1 serve as receptor
/anchoring site to :
?Cholera toxin
?Tetanus toxin
?Influenza viruses
? The Cholera toxin on binding
to intestinal cel s
? Stimulates secretion of
Chloride ions into gut lumen.
? Resulting in copious diarrhea
of Cholera.
?In various malignancies
dramatic changes in
membrane Glycolipid
composition are noted.
Globosides
? Globosides are type of
Glycolipids.
? Structurally Ceramide linked
with Oligosaccharide is
Globosides.
Sulfatides/Sulfolipids
? Sulfolipids are compound
Lipids.
? Sulfolipids are Ceramide
linked to Sulfated sugar units/
Oligosaccharides.
? Structurally Sulfolipids may also
has Glycerolipids containing
Sulfate groups.
? Sulfolipids are component of
nervous tissue.
Lipidosis
Lipid Storage Disorders
Inborn Errors Of Lipid Metabolism
Lysosomal Storage Disorders
Rare Genetic
Lipid Associated Disorders
? Niemann Picks Disease
? Tay Sach's Disease
? Gauchers Disease
? Farbers Disease
? Krabbes Disease
? Sandhoff's Disease
Niemann Picks Disease
Autosomal Recessive Disorder
Lipid Storage Disorders
Related To Glycosphingolipids
Disorders Of GlycoSphingolipids
?Gaucher's Disease
?Tay Sach's Disease
?Farbers Disease
?Krabbes Disease
? Gaucher's Disease:
? Defect: Deficiency of Cerebroside degrading
enzyme Glucocerebrosidase.
? Biochemical Alteration: Abnormal
accumulation of Cerebrosides in tissues.
? Consequences: Affect normal function of
tissues where it is accumulated.
? Tay Sach's Disease:
? Defect: Deficiency of Ganglioside degrading
enzyme: Hexoseaminidase-A.
? Biochemical Alteration: Abnormal
accumulation of Gangliosides in the tissues.
? Consequences: Affect normal function of
tissues.
Similarities and Dissimilarities
Of Cerebrosides and Gangliosides
Similarities Of
Cerebrosides and Gangliosides
? Both are Glycolipids containing
Carbohydrate moieties.
? Both contain Sphingosine/Ceramide
in their structures.
? Both are richly present in Nervous
tissue.
Dissimilarities Of
Cerebroside and Gangliosides.
S.No
Cerebrosides
Gangliosides
1
Structural y Simple
Structural y complex
Ceramide linked with
Ceramide linked to Glucose,
Glucose or Galactose.
Galactose , NAGalactosamine ,and
NANA
2
Occur in White matter of Occur in Grey matter of brain and
brain and Myelin Sheaths. Ganglions.
3
Types :
Types :
Glucocerebrosides
GM1,GM2, GM3,GM4
Galactocerebrosides
4
Function : Conducts nerve Transfer Biogenic Amines
impulse
5
Related Disorder:
Related Disorder:
Gauchers Disease
Tay Sachs Disease
This post was last modified on 05 April 2022