Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and Final year Radio-diagnosis and Imaging 2.KUB Radiographs PPT-Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes
How to Read KUB
Radiographs?
d
Outline
? Introduction
? Technique
? Normal anatomy
? Evaluation
How are X-rays produced?
? What is radiation?
? Ionizing radiation
3 cardinal principles
? Dimensional flattening
? Attenuation
? Contrast
Dimensional flattening
Twodimensional (2D) representation of a threedimensional (3D) structure.
Attenuation
Absorption of x-rays by the material
Image contrast
Structures can only be seen if there is sufficient contrast with
surrounding tissues (contrast is the difference in absorption between
one tissue and another).
What is a fil ing defect?
How wil you read a radiograph?
? Give the type of the radiograph:
? Erect
? Check patient details
? Date of the radiograph
? Quality and technical adequacy
Normal Anatomy
Abdominal viscera
? Solid
? Liver
? Spleen
? Kidneys and adrenals
? Pancreas
? Hollow
? Stomach
? Small bowel
? Large bowel
? Musculoskeletal parts
The most useful tip for radiographs
? For a moment, forget that you are
facing the examiner.
? Describe as if you are describing
the radiograph to a colleague, over
the phone.
? Speak what you are seeing, but
systematically.
ABC of abdominal radiographs
? A for Air
? B for Bowel
? C for Calcification
C for calcifications
? Calculi ? here, there and everywhere
? Organ calcifications
Urolithiasis
Calculi along urinary tract
? Anywhere
? Kidney
? Ureter
? Bladder
Predisposing factors
?
Stagnations
?
Hypersaturation
?
Bacterial infections
?
Receptor modulation
?
Epithelial injury
?
Nephrocalcin, uropontine
Chemical composition of calculi
? Calcium containing
? Devoid of calcium
Calcium Oxalate ? metabolism
Cystine
derangement
Uric acid
Struvite ? UTI with urea splitting
Protease inhibitors
organisms
Mimics
Thank you
This post was last modified on 08 April 2022