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Contents of the anterior compartment
o Muscles:
1. Tibialis anterior
2. Extensor digitorum
longus
3. Extensor hal ucis longus
4. Peroneus tertius
o Anterior tibial artery
o Deep peroneal nerve.
Muscles of the anterior compartment
Retinacula
Deep fascia is thickened to form
bands.
Retain tendons in place.
?Superior Extensor Retinaculum
? Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
?Superior Peroneal Retinaculum
? Inferior Peroneal Retinaculum
Muscles of the back
Muscles of lateral side
ANKLE or TALO-CRURAL JOINT
Uni-axial synovial joint
Modified hinge joint
Tibio-fibular mortise
Trochlea tali
Ligaments
?Capsule
?Synovial membrane
?The ankle joint is bound medially by the strong
Deltoid ligament
? Three lateral ligaments
?Anterior talofibular ligament
? Posterior talofibular ligament
? Calcaneofibular ligament
Deltoid ligament or Medial ligament
Superficial part:
? Anterior part or Tibio - navicular part
? Intermediate part or Tibio - calcanean
part
? Posterior part or Posterior
tibio - talar part
Deep part/Anterior Tibiotalar
Attachments & parts of deltoid
ligament
Medial mal eolus
of Tibia
Anterior Tibiotalar
Tibiotalar
Talus
Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcanean
Sustanticulum
Tali
Lateral ligaments
Anterior Talofibular
Lateral mal eolus of
Fibula
Neck of Talus
Posterior
Talofibular
Calcaneofibular ligament crossed by
tendons of Peroneus longus & Brevis
Movements of ankle joint
Dorsiflexion:
Close packed state. Position more stable.
Plantar flexion:
Loosely packed state of joint. Joint is less stable.
Movements
Plantar Flexion: S1, S2
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Assisted by
Tibialis posterior,
Flexor Digitorum longus,
Flexor Hal ucis longus,
Peroneus longus and brevis in extreme plantar
flexion
Dorsiflexion: L4, L5
Tibialis anterior
Extensor Digitorum longus,
Extensor Hallucis longus,
Peroneus tertius
Arterial supply
? Mal eolar branches of Anterior Tibial Artery.
? Mal eolar branches of Peroneal Artery.
NERVE SUPPLY
? Branches from Deep Peroneal Nerve.
? Branches from Tibial Nerve.
Interphalangeal joints
Typical hinge joint
Permit plantar flexion and
dorsiflexion
Metatarso - phalangeal joints
El ipsoidal type of synovial joint.
Ligaments:
? Capsule.
? Collateral ligaments.
? Deep metatarsal ligaments.
Movements:
? Dorsi & plantar flexion.
? Adduction & abduction.
Tarso-metatarsal joints
Plane synovial joints
Gliding movements
Intertarsal joints
SIX synovial cavities between tarsus and metatarsus :
a) Sub-talar
b) Talo-calcano-navicular Mid-tarsal / Transverse
c) Calcaneo-cuboid tarsal
d) A joint cavity comprising cuneo
-navicular, intercuneiform,
cuneo-cuboid and intermediate
and lateral cuneiform with
bases of 2nd and 3rd metatarsal
bone.
e) Between medial cuneiform and
base of 1st metarcarpal.
f) Between cuboid and 4th and 5th
metacarpal
SUBTALAR JOINT /Posterior talo-calcanean joint
Ligaments
Capsule
Medial and lateral talo-calcanean ligaments
Interosseous talo-calcaneanligament
Cervical ligament
Interosseous talo-calcanean
ligament
Cervical ligament
Midtarsal or transverse tarsal joints
TRANSVERSE TARSAL
JOINT
(MIDTARSAL JOINT)
TALONAVICULAR JOINT
CALCANEO-CUBOID
JOINT
Midtarsal or transverse tarsal joint
? Talonavicular joint
? Calcaneocuboid joint
Medial view of foot
Talo-calcaneo-navicular joint
Restricted bal and socket type of joint
Ligaments
Talo-navicular ligament
Plantar calcaneo-navicular
Calcaneo-navicular part of bifurcated
ligaments
The bifurcated ligament
Y-shaped band.
Its stem attached proximal y to
the anterior part of the upper
calcaneal surface
Distal y it divides into 2 limbs - calcaneocuboid and
calcaneonavicular parts.
The calcaneocuboid ligament extends to the dorsomedial aspect of
the cuboid
The calcaneonavicular ligament is attached to the dorsolateral
aspect of the navicular
Midtarsal or transverse tarsal joints
?Talonavicular joint
?Calcaneocuboid joint
Lateral view of foot
CALCANEOCUBOID JOINT
Saddle or sellar joint.
Between anterior surface of calcaneus & posterior
surface of cuboid
CALCANEOCUBOID JOINT
Ligaments
? Capsule
? Calcaneocuboid part of bifurcate ligament
? Long plantar ligament
? Short plantar or Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
BIFURCATE LIGAMENT
DORSAL CALCANEOCUBOID
LIGAMENT
CALCANEOCUBOID JOINT
SHORT PLANTAR
LIGAMENT
(Plantar
LONG
calcaneocuboid
PLANTAR
ligament)
LIGAMENT
PLANTAR VIEW
Medial
Lateral
? The longest ligament associated with the
tarsus.
? From Plantar surface of the calcaneus to
plantar surface of the cuboid
? The deep fibres are attached to the
cuboid and more superficial fibres to the
bases of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th and
sometimes fifth, metatarsals.
Long plantar
ligament
Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
? Is deeper than the long plantar ligament
? From the anterior calcaneal tubercle to
the cuboid
Movements
INVERSION
EVERSION
Inversion & Eversion
These movements are essential to adjust the foot while
walking on uneven surface.
Inversion
Sole is directed downwards & medially.
Associated with plantar flexion
Eversion
Sole is directed downwards & laterally.
Associated with dorsiflexion
Joints on which it occurs
Lateral view
? Subtalar joint
? Transverse tarsal joint.
Medial view
? Talo-calcaneo-navicular joint
Axis of movement
Passes obliquely upwards, forward & medial y
from the heel end of calcaneus through sinus tarsi
to dorso-medial surface of neck of Talus
Muscles causing Inversion
Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Posterior
Muscles causing Eversion
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Peroneus tertius
EVERSION LIMITED BY
DELTOID LIGAMENT
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
Medial view of the skeleton of foot
INVERSION LIMITED BY
LATERAL TALO-
CALCANEAL
LIGAMENT
CERVICAL LIGAMENT
CALCANEOFIBULAR
LIGAMENT
PERONEUS LONGUS
PERONEUS BREVIS
Lateral view of the skeleton of foot
APPLIED ANATOMY
Ankle sprains :
Lateral Ankle Sprains caused by Over inversion of
foot, which is common causes anterior talo-
fibular & calcaneo - fibular ligaments to tear.
a/k/a Low Ankle sprain
Medial Ankle Sprains When foot is forcibly
everted fibres of deltoid ligament are torn.
This post was last modified on 05 April 2022