Download MBBS First Year Imp Questions Before Exam Important Topics

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) First Year Imp Questions Before Exam Important Topics

ANATOMY
HNF
SN
1.AlTr
i
angl
esofneck-eachsepar
at
eSAQ*
2.NasalSept
um*
3.Thyr
oi
dGl
and?Bl
oodSuppl
y*,Appl
i
edAnat
omy
4.Car
ot
i
dSheat
handcont
ent
s*
5.Muscl
esofMast
i
cat
i
on
6.Caver
nousSi
nus**
7.Li
t
t
l
e'
sAr
eaofNose?Cl
i
ni
calSi
gni
fi
cance
8.Ext
r
aOcul
armuscl
es-Di
agr
am andact
i
ons
9.Hyoi
dBone
10.Pal
at
i
neTonsi
l?Appl
i
edAnat
omy*
11.Danger
ousAr
eaofFace
12.Lat
er
alwalofNose
13.Tongue?Appl
i
edAnat
omy
14.AnsaCer
vi
cal
i
s
15.Dur
al
wvenoussi
nuses
16.Lacr
i
malGl
and
17.Submandi
bul
argl
and
LAQ
1.Par
ot
i
dGl
and****
2.Tongue**
3.Scal
p
4.Thyr
oi
dGl
and**
5.Mi
ddl
eEar
6.Lar
ynx**
7.Fasci
asoft
heNeck
8.Tempor
omandi
bul
arj
oi
nt
9.Maxi
lar
yar
t
er
y
Vi
vaandpracti
cal-Vivavoce/MiteshDave
1.Speci
menofTongueandLar
ynx**
2.Lat
er
alwalofnose
3.Sagi
t
alsect
i
on
4.Ost
eo-Skuldoonl
yvi
deos,Mandi
bl
e**andner
ver
el
at
edt
oi
t
,hyoi
dbone
5.Al
t
asaxi
s,pi
votj
oi
nt
**

---

6.Typi
calcer
vi
calver
t
i
br
a-Vi
deo
UpperLi
mb
SN
1.Cubi
t
alFossa**
2.Kl
umpke'
sPar
al
ysi
s*
3.Abduct
i
onatShoul
derJoi
nt
4.Rot
at
orCuff
5.Car
palTunnelSyndr
ome**
6.Mammar
yGl
and?Lymphat
i
cDr
ai
nage****,Appl
i
edAnat
omy
7.Er
b'
sPar
al
ysi
s*
8.Pr
onat
i
onandSupi
nat
i
on
9.Cl
avi
pect
or
alFasci
a
10.Cl
awhand?Feat
ur
esandCausat
i
veFact
or
s
11.Muscul
ocut
aneousNer
ve
12.Del
oi
d
13.Bi
ceps
14.El
bowj
oi
nt
15.Tr
i
angul
arandquadr
angul
arspaces
16.Axi
lar
yner
ve
LAQ
1.Shoul
derJoi
nt
***
2.Ul
narNer
ve*
3.Br
achi
alPl
exus
4.Cubi
t
alFossa
5.Axi
lar
yAr
t
er
y*
6.Mi
d-
Pal
marSpace
7.Radi
alNer
ve
8.Medi
anNer
ve**
9.St
r
uct
ur
esunderDel
t
oi
d*
Cour
sesandbr
anchesofner
vesandar
t
er
i
esr
eadfr
mappendi
xpar
tfr
m BDC
Vi
vaandpracti
cal-Vivavoce/MiteshDave
1. Roughor
gi
nandi
nser
t
i
on,Ner
vesuppl
yandact
i
onofmuscl
est
hatar
evi
si
bl
eondi
ssect
i
on
2. Scapul
aandhumer
usar
et
heeasi
estandcommonl
yasked,r
adi
asul
nanott
htcommonl
yasked.
3-
4poi
nt
sabtat
t
achmentandbonypr
omi
nence
3. Namesofbonesonhandandt
ypesofj
oi
nt
si
nhand,spi
r
all
awofossi
f
i
cat
i
on*

---

Thor
ax
SN
1.Thor
aci
cDuct
2.RootofRi
ghtLungandr
el
at
i
ons
3.RootofLef
tl
ungandr
el
at
i
ons
4.AzygousVei
n
5.Ar
chofAor
t
a
6.Typi
calI
nt
er
cost
alNer
ve
7.Br
onchopul
monar
ySegment
sofLef
tLung
8.LeftCor
onar
yAr
t
er
y*
9.Br
onchopul
monar
ySegment
s?Appl
i
edAnat
omy**
10.Bl
ocksi
nSVC
11.Typi
cali
nt
er
coast
alspace-muscl
eandnuer
ovascul
arbundl
e
12.I
nl
etoft
heThor
ax,Thor
axout
l
et
/i
nl
etsyndor
me(
same)
13.Oesophagus-Cont
r
i
ct
i
onsandappl
i
ed
LAQ
1.Br
onchopul
monar
ySegment
s
2.Ri
ghtAt
r
i
um**
3.Ar
chofAor
t
a**
4.Super
i
orMedi
ast
i
num
Vi
vaandpracti
cal-Vivavoce/MiteshDave
1.Lungandhear
tf
ulf
r
omt
hevi
deoes
2.Ost
eo-1str
i
b**,t
ypi
calr
i
b*,t
hor
aci
cver
t
ebr
ae(
at
t
achmentnott
ober
ead)
Neur
oanat
omy
SN
1.Medi
alMedular
ySyndr
ome
2.Fl
oorofFour
t
hVent
r
i
cl
e**
3.Ci
r
cl
eofWi
li
s
4.T.
S.MedulaObl
ongat
a-Al3*
5.T.
S.Mi
dbr
ai
n-bot
h*
6.T.
SPons-bot
h
7.Cor
pusCalosum**
8.Br
ownSequar
dSyndr
ome
9.I
nf
er
i
orCer
ebelarPeduncl
e*

---

10.T.
S.Spi
nalCor
d?Cer
vi
calLevel
11.I
nt
er
nalCapsul
e**
12.Basalgangl
i
a*
13.Papezci
r
cui
t
14.Thi
r
dvent
r
i
cal
15.Ver
mi
s
LAQ
1.Gl
ossophar
yngealNer
ve*
2.Super
ol
at
er
alSur
f
aceofCer
ebr
um**
3.I
nt
er
nalCapsul
e***
4.Pons
5.Occul
omot
orNer
ve
6.Mi
dbr
ai
n
7.Funct
i
onalAr
easi
nFr
ont
alLobe
8.Thal
amus
9.Faci
alner
ve**
10.Tr
i
gemi
nalner
ve*
11.Ascendi
ngt
r
acks
12.Descendi
ngt
r
acks
Vi
vaandpracti
cal-Vivavoce/MiteshDave
1. Alt
hesect
i
onsoft
hebr
ai
nar
ever
yi
mp,t
r
yt
ol
ear
n4-
5vi
si
bl
eandi
mpst
r
uct
ur
esofeach
sur
f
ace
2. Cer
ebelum-f
i
ssur
e,
sur
f
aceandver
mi
s
3. Br
ai
nst
em-ext
er
nalvi
si
bl
ef
eat
ur
es
Abdomen&Pel
vi
s
SN
1.AnalCanal
-Appl
i
ed*
2.Por
t
acavalAnast
omosi
s*?Appl
i
edAnat
omy
3.I
ngui
nalHer
ni
a**?Di
r
ect
,I
ndi
r
ect
4.Mal
eUr
et
hr
a
5.CaputMedusae
6.Ut
er
us?Suppor
t
s***,Appl
i
edAnat
omy
7.St
omachBed*
8.Meckel
'
sDi
ver
t
i
cul
um
9.I
ngui
nalCanal
10.I
schi
or
ect
alFossa*
11.LesserOment
um*
12.Rect
usSheat
h*

---

13.I
nfer
i
orVenaCava
14.Super
fi
ci
alPer
i
nealPouch
15.McBur
ney'
sPoi
nt
16.I
nt
er
i
orofUr
i
nar
yBl
adder
17.Umbi
l
i
cus-Anat
omi
calandCl
i
ni
calI
mpor
t
ance
18.Per
i
nealBody
19.Cont
r
acept
i
on?Anat
omi
calBasi
s
20.Rel
at
i
onsofKi
dney?di
agr
am
21.Hyst
er
osal
phi
ngogr
aphy
22.Spl
een-r
el
at
i
ons
23.Lessersac(
Oment
albur
sa)
24.Per
i
t
onealr
efl
ect
i
onsofl
i
ver
25.Appendi
xandi
t
'
sappl
i
ed
26.Ur
et
er
-Cont
r
i
ct
i
onsandr
el
at
i
ons
27.Typesofi
nci
si
onsonAnt
er
i
orabdomi
nalwal
28.Deepper
i
nealpouch
LAQ
1.Pancr
eas**
2.I
schi
or
ect
alFossa
3.Ki
dney
4.Ut
er
i
neTube
5.Test
es
6.Ext
r
a-
Hepat
i
cBi
l
i
ar
yAppar
at
us*
7.Rect
usSheat
h
8.Ur
i
nar
yBl
adder
*
9.Pr
ost
at
e**
10.Supr
ar
enalGl
and*
11.Ut
er
us*
12.St
omach**
13.Ovar
y
14.Duodenum ?2ndPar
t
15.AnalCanal
*
16.Di
aphr
agm*
17.I
ngui
nalCanal
*
18.I
nt
er
nalI
l
i
acAr
t
er
y
19.Por
t
alvei
n-for
mat
i
on,t
r
i
but
ar
i
esandpor
t
ocavalanast
omosi
s
20.Li
ver
*
i
nLAQsofor
gansgener
alygr
oss,mi
cr
oembr
yoandappl
i
edoft
heor
gani
sasked
Smalbr
anchesofar
t
er
i
esandner
vesandnotatali
mp
Vi
vaandpracti
cal
1. Vi
deosofei
t
herVi
vavoceorMi
t
eshdavef
oralt
heor
gansandost
eol
ogy
2. Ost
eol
ogy-Bonypel
vi
s,Di
f
f
er
encebet
weenmal
eandf
emal
epel
vi
s*,sacr
um,t
ypi
call
umbar

---

ver
t
ebr
a
3. Spl
eenandst
omachar
et
hecommonestandeasi
estor
gansasked
4. Li
ver-Bor
der
s,per
i
t
onealr
ef
l
ect
i
onsandi
mpr
essi
on
5. Di
f
f
er
encebet
weeni
l
eumandj
ej
unum**
LowerLi
mb
SN
1.Sar
t
or
i
us*
2.Medi
alLongi
t
udi
nalAr
ch*?Fact
or
sMai
nt
ai
ni
ng
3.Gl
ut
eusMaxi
mus
4.FootDr
op*-Anat
omi
calBasi
s
5.Femor
alSheat
h
6.Femor
alCanal
*
7.Popl
i
t
eus
8.I
nver
si
onandEver
si
on*-I
nver
t
er
sandEver
t
er
swi
t
hNer
veSuppl
y
8.Femor
alHer
ni
a*
9.Longi
t
udi
nalAr
chesofFoot
10.Gast
r
ocnemi
us
11.Gr
eatSaphenousVei
n*
12.Quadr
i
cepsf
emor
i
s
13.Hamst
r
i
ngs
14.Femor
alner
ve*
LAQ
1.Hi
pJoi
nt
*
2.VenousDr
ai
nageofLowerLi
mb*
3.I
nt
r
a-
Ar
t
i
cul
arSt
r
uct
ur
esofKneeJoi
nt
*
4.Sci
at
i
cNer
ve
5.Femor
alTr
i
angl
e**
6.KneeJoi
nt
**
7.Popl
i
t
ealFossa*
8.Lat
er
alLongi
t
udi
nalAr
chofFoot
*
9.St
r
uct
ur
esUnderGl
ut
eusMaxi
mus?di
agr
am*
10.Ankl
ej
oi
nt
Vi
vaandpracti
cal-Vivavoce/MiteshDave
1. Roughor
gi
nandi
nser
t
i
on,Ner
vesuppl
yandact
i
onofmuscl
est
hatar
evi
si
bl
eondi
ssect
i
on
2. I
dent
i
f
i
cat
i
onofner
vesandar
t
er
i
es,saphanousandf
emor
alvei
n
3. Ost
eol
ogy-
Albonesar
ei
mpHipbone-Toughest
,Femoreasi
est
,f
i
bul
amostconf
usi
onalt
hr
ee
ar
ecommonl
yasked.Theeni
t
r
ebonei
snotasked,3-
4poi
nt
sonl
y
4. Namet
hebonesoff
ootandar
ches
Gener
alAnat
omy

---

1.Synovi
alJoi
nt
**-di
agr
am,cl
assi
fi
cat
i
on,exampl
es
2.Cl
assi
f
i
cat
i
onofFi
br
ousJoi
nt
3.Sesamoi
dBone
4.Car
t
i
l
agi
nousJoi
nt-cl
assi
fi
cat
i
on,exampl
e*
5.Epi
physi
s*
6.Secondar
yCar
t
i
l
agi
nousJoi
nt
7.Pi
votJoi
nt
8.Bl
oodSuppl
yofLongbone
9.St
r
uct
ur
alCl
assi
fi
cat
i
onofMuscl
e*
10.Cl
assi
f
i
cat
i
onofbones*
Hi
st
ol
ogy-Di
agr
amsonl
y
1.Adr
enal
**
2.Muscul
arAr
t
er
y*
3.Ar
t
er
yandvei
n
4.Di
f
f
er
encebet
weenser
i
ousandmucousaci
ni
**
5.Di
f
f
er
encebet
weencar
di
acandskel
et
almuscl
e**
6.St
r
at
i
f
i
edSquamousEpi
t
hel
i
um
7.Test
es**
8.Ovar
y
9.CompactBone
7.Spl
een**
8.Ki
dney
9.LymphNode
10.Ret
i
na**
Embr
yol
ogy
1.Not
ocor
d
2.Mesonephr
i
cDuct
3.Pr
i
mi
t
i
veSt
r
eak*
4.PhasesofFer
t
i
l
i
sat
i
on
5.Twi
nni
ng
6.Pl
acent
a*
7.Pancr
eas**
8.Neur
alTubeDef
ect
s*
9.Vi
t
elo-
i
nt
est
i
nalDuct

---

10.Ur
i
nar
yBl
adder
11.Di
aphr
agm**
12.Phasesofl
ungdevel
opment
13.Phar
yngealar
chesandpounches,t
hei
rder
i
vat
i
ves****(notasasi
ngl
eque
butmustknowt
opi
c)
14.DescentofTest
es*
15.Devel
opment
alAnomal
i
esofKi
dney
16.Rot
at
i
onofGut
**
17.Fat
eandDer
i
vat
i
vesofYol
kSac*
18.Set
aldef
ect
sofhear
t
****
19.Ar
chofAor
t
a
20.Devel
opmentofat
r
i
a
21.Devel
opment
aldet
ect
si
nGr
eatvei
ns
22.Remenant
s-MCQS
23.Devel
opmentofgeni
t
al
s
Genet
i
cs
1.Bar
rBody*
2.LyonsHypot
hesi
s
3.Tur
ner
'
sSyndr
ome*
4.Kar
yot
ypi
ng*
5.MonosomyofSexChr
omosome
6.Down'
sSyndr
ome*
7.St
r
uct
ur
alChr
omosomeAbnor
mal
i
t
i
es
8.Aut
osomalDomi
nantI
nher
i
t
ance
9.St
r
uct
ur
alandNumer
i
calChr
omosomeAbnor
mal
i
t
i
eswi
t
hexampl
e

---

PHYSI
OLOGY
Paper1
CVS-Guyt
on,mor
edet
ai
l
si
nGanong(
Fact
),Concept-Cheng
SN
1.Ci
r
cul
at
or
yShock-def
i
ne,cl
assi
fy,st
ages,physi
ol
ogi
calpr
i
nci
pl
esof
management
2.Connect
i
onsofUni
pol
arandBi
pol
arLi
mbLeadswhi
l
er
egar
di
ngECG
3.ECGTr
acei
nLeadI
I
*-dr
aw,l
abel
,mar
ki
nt
er
val
s
4.CNSI
schemi
cResponse
5.Bar
or
ecept
orRef
l
exMechani
sm
6.Vent
r
i
cul
arDi
ast
ol
e-event
s
7.Pr
oper
t
i
esofCar
di
acMuscl
e*,I
oni
cBasi
sofAut
or
hyt
hmi
ci
t
yi
nSANode,
WhyHear
tMuscl
eCannotbeTet
ani
zed
8.Rol
eofJGAi
nRegul
at
i
onofBl
oodPr
essur
e
9.Cor
onar
yCi
r
cul
at
i
on-pecul
i
ar
i
t
i
es,Angi
naPect
or
i
s
10.Reni
n-
Angi
ot
ensi
nMechani
sm
11.Hear
tBl
ock-enl
i
stt
ypes,expl
ai
nAVNodalBl
ock
12.Hear
tRat
e-expl
ai
ni
ncr
easei
nhear
tr
at
ei
nmuscul
arexer
ci
se
13.Fi
ckPr
i
nci
pl
e
14.ECG-di
agr
am,Bi
pol
arLi
mbLeads
15.VenousRet
ur
n
16.Fact
or
sAf
fect
i
ngSt
r
okeVol
ume
17.Ef
f
ectofI
sot
oni
cExer
ci
seonBl
oodPr
essur
e
LAQ
1.Car
di
acCycl
e**-def
i
ne,pr
essur
eandvol
umechangesi
nl
eftvent
r
i
cl
e*,
di
agr
am;Thi
r
dandFour
t
hHear
tSound*
2.Cor
onar
yCi
r
cul
at
i
on-physi
ol
ogi
canat
omy,fact
or
saffect
i
ng,speci
al
f
eat
ur
es;Angi
naPect
or
i
s
3.Bl
oodPr
essur
e-def
i
ne,l
ong-
t
er
mr
egul
at
i
on
4.Ci
r
cul
at
or
yShock**-def
i
ne,cl
assi
f
y;Compensat
or
ySt
ageofCi
r
cul
at
or
y
Shock,Pr
ogr
essi
veSt
age,Hemor
r
hagi
cShockPhysi
ol
ogi
calBasi
sofi
t
s

---

Management
5.ECG-defi
ne;Expl
ai
nECGi
nLeadI
I-di
agr
am;Hear
tBl
ock
6.MeanAr
t
er
i
alBl
oodPr
essur
e-def
i
ne,enumer
at
emechani
sms
r
egul
at
i
ng;Bar
or
ecept
orMechani
sm-descr
i
be
7.Regul
at
i
onofBP-cl
assi
f
ymechani
sm;Shor
tTer
m Regul
at
i
on
8.Def
i
ne-St
r
okeVol
ume,Car
di
acOut
put
,Car
di
acI
ndex,St
r
okeVol
umeI
ndex;
Fact
or
sAf
fect
i
ngCar
di
acOut
put
9.Hear
tRat
e-defi
ne,fact
or
saf
fect
i
ngandr
egul
at
i
ng
GI
T-Guyt
on,formor
econcept
sr
eferBRS
SN
1.Funct
i
onsofBi
l
eSal
t
s**,Composi
t
i
on
2.Pept
i
cUl
cer
***-et
i
ol
ogy,physi
ol
ogi
calbasi
soft
r
eat
ment
3.Regul
at
i
onofGast
r
i
cEmpt
yi
ng*
4.PhasesofDegl
ut
i
t
i
on-enl
i
st
,Phar
yngealPhase**-expl
ai
n
5.Mechani
smofSecr
et
i
onofHClbyPar
i
et
alCels,Gast
r
i
cGl
ands
6.MovementofSmalI
nt
est
i
ne,Per
i
st
al
t
i
cRush
7.Mechani
smofSecr
et
i
onofHCl
*
8.I
mpor
t
anceofDegl
ut
i
t
i
onRef
l
ex
9.MovementofLar
geI
nt
est
i
ne,Def
ecat
i
onRefl
ex*
10.Enumer
at
eGI
THor
mones,Not
eonGast
r
i
n,CCK**
11.Regul
at
i
onofGast
r
i
cMot
i
l
i
t
y
12.Absor
pt
i
onofFat
LAQ
1.Degl
ut
i
t
i
on,Achal
asi
aCar
di
a
2.Pancr
eat
i
cJui
ce-composi
t
i
on,f
unct
i
on,r
egul
at
i
onofsecr
et
i
on
3.Gast
r
i
cGl
ands-enumer
at
e,secr
et
i
on,f
unct
i
on;Tr
eat
mentofPept
i
cUl
cer
*
4.Gast
r
i
cJui
ce-composi
t
i
on;HClSecr
et
i
on-mechani
sm,f
act
or
sr
egul
at
i
ng***
Endocr
i
neSyst
em-Guyt
on,mor
eDet
ai
l
sBRS,Ganong(
Fact
ual
concept
s)
SN
1.Funct
i
onsofI
nsul
i
n
2.Di
abet
esMeli
t
usandI
nsi
pi
dus*-compar
eandcont
r
ast

---

3.Par
at
hyr
oi
dhor
mone-f
unct
i
ons,r
egul
at
i
on
4.Gr
owt
hHor
mone*-met
abol
i
cact
i
on
5.I
nsul
i
nSecr
et
i
on-f
act
or
si
ncr
easi
ng,ef
fecti
npr
omot
i
nggr
owt
h
6.Di
abet
esI
nsi
pi
dus,Cushi
ngSyndr
ome
7.Tet
any,Si
gnsofTet
any,Tr
eat
ment
8.Cushi
ngSyndr
ome*,Cl
i
ni
calFeat
ur
es
LAQ
1.Gl
ucocor
t
i
coi
ds-r
egul
at
i
onofsecr
et
i
on,mechani
smofact
i
on,funct
i
on,
effectofdefi
ci
ency
2.Thyr
oi
dHor
moneSynt
hesi
sandRel
ease-enumer
at
est
eps,di
agr
am;Ant
i
-
Thyr
oi
dDr
ugs-act
i
on
3.Hor
monalRegul
at
i
onofGr
owt
h*,Dwar
fi
sm,Pi
t
ui
t
ar
y&Thyr
oi
dDwar
f
Di
ffer
ences
4.Thyr
oi
d*-synt
hesi
s,mechani
smofact
i
on,r
egul
at
i
onofsecr
et
i
on,f
unct
i
on;
Endemi
cGoi
t
r
e,Hypot
hyr
oi
di
sm
5.Cal
ci
um*-i
mpor
t
ance,r
egul
at
i
on;Tet
any,Ost
eopor
osi
s
6.Adr
enalCor
t
ex-enumer
at
ehor
mones;Fact
or
sRegul
at
i
ngSecr
et
i
onof
Al
dost
er
one
7.Ant
er
i
orPi
t
ui
t
ar
y-enumer
at
ehor
monessecr
et
ed;Physi
ol
ogi
calAct
i
onsof
Gr
owt
hHor
mone*,Dwar
f
i
sm
Repr
oduct
i
veSyst
em -Guyt
on,mor
edet
ai
l
sGanong/BRS
SN
1.I
ndi
cat
or
sofOvul
at
i
on,Cl
i
ni
calSi
gni
f
i
cance
2.Met
hodsofCont
r
acept
i
on***-t
empor
ar
y,Physi
ol
ogi
calBasi
s
ofOr
alCont
r
acept
i
ves,Saf
ePer
i
od
3.Sper
mat
ogenesi
s*-descr
i
best
ages,enl
i
stfact
or
saffect
i
ngi
t
4.Physi
ol
ogi
calChangesi
nPr
egnancy***
5.Mat
er
nalChangesi
nLastTr
i
mest
erofPr
egnancy
6.Mechani
smofOvul
at
i
on,Cont
r
acept
i
on-r
hyt
hm met
hod*
7.Menst
r
ualCycl
e-phases**
8.Ci
r
cul
at
or
yChangesatBi
r
t
h
9.Par
t
ur
i
t
i
on-expl
ai
n,r
ol
eofoxyt
oci
n
10.Lact
at
i
onofej
ect
i
onofmi
l
k-r
ol
e.
ofpr
ol
act
i
nandoxyt
oci
n
LAQ
1.Menst
r
ualCycl
e-phases,hor
monalcont
r
ol
2. Cycl
i
calChangesi
nUt
er
usdur
i
ngRepr
oduct
i
veLi
fe,I
t
sHor
monalRegul
at
i
on*

---

RSandTempr
egul
at
i
ons-Guyt
onandPPT,mor
edet
ai
l
s
BRS
SN
1.Oxygen-
Hemogl
obi
nDi
ssoci
at
i
onCur
ve**-dr
aw,l
abel
,f
act
or
saffect
i
ng,
Bohr
'
sEffect
,fact
or
sshi
ft
i
ngcur
vet
or
i
ght
,whati
sP50,r
ol
eof2,
3-
BPG
2.Char
act
er
i
st
i
csofPul
monar
yCi
r
cul
at
i
on
3.Accl
i
mat
i
zat
i
ont
oHi
ghAl
t
i
t
ude-enumer
at
ephysi
ol
ogi
calchanges,
si
gni
f
i
canceofchanges
4.HeatSt
r
oke
5.HeatLoss***-enumer
at
emet
hods,mechani
sm,mechani
smofsweat
i
ng
6.Per
i
pher
alChemor
ecept
or
s-char
act
er
i
st
i
cs,funct
i
ons
7.Fact
or
sAff
ect
i
ngComposi
t
i
onofAl
veol
arAi
r
8.OxygenDebt
*
9.Hypoxi
a***-defi
ne,cl
assi
fy,descr
i
beHypoxi
cHypoxi
a
10.WaysofHeatLoss,HeatSt
r
oke
11.Sur
f
act
ant
*-f
unct
i
ons,not
eonRDS
12.Tr
anspor
tofCar
bondi
oxi
de,Hal
daneEf
f
ect
13.ResponseofBodywhenexposedt
oExt
r
emeCol
d**,Hypot
her
mi
a,Useof
I
nducedHypot
her
mi
a
14.Ef
f
ectofExer
ci
seonRespi
r
at
i
on,whati
sVO2max
15.Expl
ai
nWor
kofBr
eat
hi
ng*,Appl
i
edI
mpor
t
ance,Enumer
at
eMuscl
esof
Respi
r
at
i
on
16.Funct
i
onalResi
dualCapaci
t
y-physi
ol
ogi
calsi
gni
f
i
cance
17.Accl
i
mat
i
zat
i
ont
oHi
ghAl
t
i
t
ude-var
i
ouschanges,Acut
eMount
ai
nSi
ckness
18.Hal
daneEf
f
ect
19.Rol
eofHypot
hal
amusi
nTemper
at
ur
eRegul
at
i
on
LAQ
1.Neur
alRegul
at
i
onofBr
eat
hi
ng**,Per
i
odi
cBr
eat
hi
ng,Ondi
ne'
sCur
se*
2.Tr
anspor
tofCO2,Hal
daneEf
f
ect
,I
t
sSi
gni
f
i
cance
3.LungCompl
i
ance*-descr
i
be,f
act
or
saf
f
ect
i
ng;Hyal
i
neMembr
aneDi
sease
4.Respi
r
at
or
yMembr
ane*-descr
i
be,f
act
or
saffect
i
nggaseousexchange;
Pr
i
nci
pl
eofCOMet
hod
5.Pul
monar
yVent
i
l
at
i
on-mechani
sm;Posi
t
i
vePr
essur
eBr
eat
hi
ng
6.OxygenTr
anspor
t-descr
i
bemet
hod
7.Chemi
calCont
r
olofRespi
r
at
i
on

---

Paper2-
CNS-Guyt
onandVDj
oshi,mor
edet
ai
l
sGanong
Pr
oper
t
i
esofr
ecept
or
s,synapses,r
efl
exsandpost
ur
alr
efl
ex'
sar
egi
venweli
nVD
SN
1.Recept
or
**-enumer
at
epr
oper
t
i
es,anyt
wopr
oper
t
i
esi
ndet
ai
l
2.Refer
r
edPai
n*,Enumer
at
eDi
f
fer
entTypesofPai
n
3.Lesi
onsofUpperandLowerMot
orNeur
on
4.Funct
i
onsofBasalGangl
i
a*
5.Mi
ddl
eEar-funct
i
ons
6.Par
ki
nsoni
sm**
7.i
.Pat
hwayofPr
opr
i
ocept
i
veSensat
i
onsf
r
omPer
i
pher
yt
o
Cor
t
exi.Sensor
yAt
axi
a-defi
ne,di
f
f
er
encefr
om Cer
ebelar
At
axi
a
8.REMSl
eep**,Nar
col
epsy
9.Muscl
eSpi
ndl
e*-di
agr
am,f
unct
i
on
10.Speech
11.Descendi
ngPai
nI
nhi
bi
t
i
ngSyst
em
12.Aphasi
a-def
i
ne,di
f
f
er
entt
ypes
13.Di
ffer
entt
ypesofPai
n,Tr
ansmi
ssi
onofPai
nt
hr
oughNeospi
not
hal
ami
cPat
hway
14.Ascendi
ngTr
act
s-name;LabeledDi
agr
amofPai
nPat
hway
15.LowerMot
orNeur
on-def
i
ne,f
eat
ur
esofLMNpar
al
ysi
s
16.I
mpor
t
antAr
easofFr
ont
alLobe-di
agr
am,Funct
i
onsofPr
efr
ont
alLobe
17.Sensor
yRecept
or
s,Adapt
at
i
onandI
nt
ensi
t
yDi
scr
i
mi
nat
i
on
18.FastandSl
owPai
n
19.Memor
y-defi
ne,t
ypes;Al
zhei
mer
'
s
LAQ
1.Ascendi
ngTr
act
s**-enumer
at
e;
i
.
Dor
salCol
umnSyst
em -or
i
gi
n,cour
se,t
er
mi
nat
i
on;Phant
omLi
mb
i.
Pat
hwayf
orTouchSensat
i
on-descr
i
be
ii
. Pat
hwayf
orLi
neTouchSensat
i
on,LawofPr
oj
ect
i
on
2.Muscl
eSpi
ndl
e-di
agr
am;Rol
eofSt
r
et
chRefl
exi
nCont
r
oli
ngMuscl
eofTone
3.Funct
i
onsofHypot
hal
amus**-enumer
at
e,expl
ai
nanyt
hr
eei
ndet
ai
l
4.BasalGangl
i
a*-connect
i
ons,f
unct
i
ons;Par
ki
nsoni
sm -cl
i
ni
calf
eat
ur
es
5.Cer
ebelum**-f
unct
i
ons,connect
i
ons,appl
i
edi
mpor
t
ance
6.Compl
et
eTr
ansact
i
onofSpi
nalCor
d-ef
fect
s
7.Pyr
ami
dalTr
act
s*-or
i
gi
n,cour
se,t
er
mi
nat
i
on,funct
i
on,appl
i
ed

---

8.LobesofNeocor
t
ex?f
unct
i
ons
RenalPhysi
ol
ogy-Guyt
on,BRS,Mor
econcept
s-Cheng,Fact
s-
Ganong
SN
1.JGA-di
agr
am,f
unct
i
ons**
2.Count
er
cur
r
entMul
t
i
pl
i
erMechani
sm
3.Rol
eofKi
dneyi
nAci
d-
BaseBal
ance**
4.i
.Tr
anspor
tMaxi
mum-defi
ne
i.Mechani
sm ofGl
ucoseReabsor
pt
i
oni
nRenalTubul
es
5.GFR-def
i
ne,fact
or
s***;Tubul
arGl
omer
ul
arFeedback,Gl
omer
ul
arTubul
ar
Bal
ance
6.Cyst
omet
r
ogr
aphy*
7.PCT-f
unct
i
ons
8.Count
er
cur
r
entMechani
sm
9.I
nner
vat
i
onofUr
i
nar
yBl
adder
,Mi
ct
ur
i
t
i
onRef
l
ex**
LAQ
1.GFR****-def
i
ne,enumer
at
ef
act
or
saf
f
ect
i
ng,met
hodsofmeasur
ement
,
r
egul
at
i
on
2.Physi
ol
ogyofMi
ct
ur
i
t
i
on*;Cyst
omet
r
ogr
am
3.DCT-f
unct
i
ons
4.Mi
leuI
nt
er
i
or-def
i
ne;Rol
eofKi
dneyi
nMai
nt
ai
ni
ngOsmol
ar
i
t
yofBody
Fl
ui
d**-Ver
yi
mpconceptr
eadf
r
om BRSandCheng
Speci
alSenses
SN
1.Vi
sualPat
hway**-di
agr
am,l
esi
ons,het
er
onymoushemi
anopi
a
2.Dar
kAdapt
at
i
on**-def
i
ne,si
gni
f
i
cance
3.Or
ganofCor
t
i
4.Accommodat
i
onofEye*,Accommodat
i
onRefl
ex*-descr
i
be,
si
gni
f
i
cance;Pr
esbyopi
a
5.Pl
acePr
i
nci
pl
e,Expl
ai
nRol
eofBasi
l
arMembr
anei
nPer
cept
i
onofSound**
6.Col
ourVi
si
on
7.I
mpedanceMat
chi
ng,CausesofConduct
i
veDeafness
8.Ol
f
act
or
yPat
hway*
9.Er
r
or
sofRef
r
act
i
on;Myopi
a,Ast
i
gmat
i
sm-feat
ur
es,cor
r
ect
i
on
10.Tast
eSensat
i
onPat
hway,Basi
cModal
i
t
i
esofTast
e,TypesofPapi
lae

---

LAQ
1.Mechani
smofHear
i
ng-descr
i
be;Pi
t
chDi
scr
i
mi
nat
i
on**
2.Col
ourVi
si
on-mechani
sm;Col
ourBl
i
ndness*
3.Accommodat
i
on*-defi
ne,mechani
sm,neur
alpat
hway;Pr
esbyopi
a
4.Phot
ochemi
st
r
yofVi
si
on*,Dar
kAdapt
at
i
on
5.Mi
ddl
eEar-r
ol
e;Or
ganofCor
t
i
Ner
ve-Guyt
on,mor
econcept
sBer
nandLevy,Fact
s-Ganong
Muscl
e-I
nduKhur
r
ana,mor
econcept
sVander
,Ganong
SN
1.Exci
t
at
i
on-
Cont
r
act
i
onCoupl
i
ng
2.Act
i
onPot
ent
i
al-def
i
ne,compar
ei
oni
cbasi
sofl
ar
gemyel
i
nat
edner
ve
f
i
br
eandSAN**
3.NMJ-di
agr
am*,Myast
heni
aGr
avi
s,EndPl
at
ePot
ent
i
al-defi
ne,gener
at
i
on
4.Pr
oper
t
i
esofNeverFi
br
es
5.Fact
or
sRegul
at
i
ngFor
ceofSkel
et
alMuscl
eCont
r
act
i
on,Mot
orUni
t-defi
ne
6.Ref
r
act
or
yPer
i
od
7.Sar
cot
ubul
arSyst
em
8.RedMuscl
eandPal
eMuscl
e,I
sot
oni
candI
somet
r
i
cCont
r
act
i
on
9.Sal
t
at
or
yConduct
i
ons,Fact
or
sAf
f
ect
i
ngConduct
i
onVel
oci
t
y
10.Compar
e,Cont
r
astAPandExci
t
at
or
yPostSynapt
i
cPot
ent
i
alNeur
ons
11.RMP-def
i
ne,expl
ai
ni
oni
cbasi
sofRMPi
nner
vefi
br
e**
12.Mol
ecul
arBasi
sofMuscl
eCont
r
act
i
on
13.Neur
on-di
agr
am,Ner
veI
mpul
se-def
i
ne
14.TypesofNer
veDamage
15.Cl
assi
f
i
cat
i
onofNer
vef
i
br
e
LAQ
1.Genesi
sofAct
i
onPot
ent
i
al-descr
i
be;Pr
oper
t
i
esofAP-enumer
at
e***
2.Sar
comer
e*-def
i
ne,di
agr
am;Sl
i
di
ngFi
l
amentTheor
y-expl
ai
n
3.RMP-def
i
ne,f
act
or
scont
r
i
but
i
ng;PhasesofAP
4.NMJ*-di
agr
am;Descr
i
beNeur
omuscul
arTr
ansmi
ssi
on;Myast
heni
aGr
avi
s**
5.Synapt
i
cTr
ansmi
ssi
on-mechani
sm;Synapse-t
wopr
oper
t
i
es*
6.Mol
ecul
arBasi
sofSkel
et
alMuscl
eCont
r
act
i
on*
7.Muscl
eTone-def
i
ne,r
egul
at
i
on
8.i
.RMP-def
i
ne
i.I
oni
cBasi
sf
orDevel
opmentofRMPandAP

---

Bl
ood--I
nduKhur
ana,VDJoshi,pl
at
el
es-Guyt
on,I
ndu
Khur
r
ana,VD
SN
1.I
nt
r
i
nsi
cPat
hwayofCoagul
at
i
on
2.Rol
eofBLymphocyt
es
3.Bl
oodGr
oup-cl
assi
f
y,Er
yt
hr
obl
ast
osi
sFoet
al
i
s*
4.Mi
smat
chedBl
oodTr
ansf
usi
on*
5.Funct
i
onsofPl
asmaPr
ot
ei
ns
6.I
mmuni
t
y*-def
i
ne,pr
i
mar
yandsecondar
yi
mmuner
esponseandi
t
s
r
ol
ei
nvacci
nat
i
on,r
ol
eofTcels
7.Landst
ei
ner
'
sLaw,I
mpor
t
anceofRhBl
oodGr
oup*
8.CD4Cels
9.Pl
at
el
et
s-nor
malcount
,f
unct
i
ons
10.Er
yt
hr
obl
ast
osi
sf
oet
al
i
s-f
eat
ur
es,t
r
eat
ment
11.Bl
eedi
ngTi
me,Cl
ot
t
i
ngTi
me-def
i
ne,I
nt
r
i
nsi
cPat
hway-descr
i
be
LAQ
1.Coagul
at
i
on-def
i
ne,f
l
owchar
t
;Bl
eedi
ngandCl
ot
t
i
ngDi
sor
der
s-
di
f
f
er
ences,exampl
es**
2.I
mmuni
t
y*-def
i
ne,cl
assi
f
y;CelMedi
at
edI
mmuni
t
y;Humor
al
I
mmuni
t
y,Vacci
nat
i
on
3.Cl
ot
t
i
ng-defi
ne;Mechani
smofBl
oodCoagul
at
i
on-fl
owchar
t
;
Ant
i
coagul
ant
s-name
4.WBC-cl
assi
f
y,mor
phol
ogy,funct
i
on
5.Er
yt
hr
opoi
esi
s
Gener
alPhysi
ol
ogy-ExamsVD/Guyt
on,Qui
z-Ganong
SN
1.Homeost
asi
s**-def
i
ne,compar
ebet
weenf
eedbacksyst
ems
2.Tr
anspor
tMechani
smAcr
ossCelMembr
ane,Secondar
yAct
i
veTr
anspor
t
*
3.Osmosi
s
LAQ
1.Tr
anspor
tMechani
sm-descr
i
be,exampl
es

---

Practi
cal
s
1.Refert
oVDj
oshipr
act
i
calbookandJour
nal
2.Mor
eDet
ai
l
sofCl
i
ni
calphysi
o-PjMeht
a
BI
OCHEMI
STRY
Cl
i
ni
calBi
ochem
Ref
ert
oAlt
hecasesgi
venbehi
ndSat
yanar
ayan,Theycomeoutofi
mps
aswel.
Ref
ert
ot
heBookl
ett
hatcomesal
ongwi
t
hSi
nghal
,Doalt
hecases
f
r
omi
t
Paper1
Pr
ot
ei
nMet
abol
i
sm
SN
1.Met
abol
i
sm ofTyr
osi
ne(
pg345)
2.Bi
ogeni
cAmi
nes(
pg375)
3.Met
abol
i
sm ofGl
yci
ne(
pg341)
4.Al
kapt
onur
i
a(
pg352)
LAQ
1.I
nbor
nEr
r
or
sofMet
abol
i
smofTyr
osi
ne*andPhenyl
al
ani
ne
2.For
mat
i
onandFat
eofAmmoni
a**
3.Ur
eaCycl
eandAbnor
mal
i
t
i
es***
4.Al
kapt
onur
i
a-Bi
ochemi
calBasi
s,Test
sf
orDi
agnosi
s
5.Gl
yci
ne-synt
hesi
s,i
nhi
bi
t
i
on,speci
al
i
sedpr
oduct
sfor
med
6.Tr
ansami
nat
i
on,Deami
nat
i
on,Ammoni
aToxi
ci
t
y
Nucl
eot
i
deMet
abol
i
sm
SN
1.Pur
i
neSal
vagePat
hway**(
pg391)
2.Hyper
ur
i
cemi
a(
pg394)

---

3.Gout
**(
pg394)
4.Cat
abol
i
sm ofPur
i
nes(
pg392)
Hemogl
obi
n
SN
1.Hemogl
obi
nopat
hi
esandexampl
es(
pg203)
2.Abnor
malHemogl
obi
n**-changesi
nAAsequence(
pg202)
LAQ
1.Cat
abol
i
sm ofHeme*,Hemol
yt
i
cJaundi
ce
2.For
mat
i
onandFat
eofBi
l
i
r
ubi
n;Jaundi
ce
3.Bi
osynt
hesi
sandDegr
adat
i
onofHeme
4.Heme-bi
osynt
hesi
s,r
egul
at
i
on*;I
nt
er
mi
t
t
entPor
phyr
i
a
Vi
t
ami
ns
SN
1.CoenzymesofThi
ami
neofPyr
i
doxi
ne-t
wobi
ochemi
calfunct
i
onsofeach
2.Funct
i
onsofFol
i
cAci
d(
pg150)
3.Def
i
ci
encyMani
f
est
at
i
onofVi
t
ami
nA(
pg118)
4.CoenzymeFunct
i
onofFol
i
cAci
dandB12(
pg150)
5.Wal
d'
sVi
sualCycl
e(
pg129)
6.Act
i
vat
i
onofChol
ecal
ci
f
er
ol
,Just
i
f
i
cat
i
onasaHor
mone(
pg124)
LAQ
Vi
t
-ACDB1,
2,
3,
6,
9,
12
Enzymes
SN
1.I
soenzymesandCl
i
ni
calAppl
i
cat
i
on***(
pg109)
2.EnzymesandI
soenzymesi
nMyocar
di
alI
nf
ar
ct
i
on**(
pg112)
3.EnzymesofDi
agnost
i
c,Anal
yt
i
candTher
apeut
i
cI
mpor
t
ance*(
pg105)
4.Km Val
ue(
pg88)
5.Act
i
vat
i
onEner
gyofEnzyme-E-
SCompl
ex(
pg98)
LAQ

---

1.Enzymes-defi
ni
t
i
on,fact
or
saf
fect
i
ngenzymeact
i
vi
t
y*
2.EnzymeI
nhi
bi
t
i
on-Compet
i
t
i
veandNon-
Compet
i
t
i
ve**
3.Enzymes-cl
assi
fi
cat
i
on,exampl
es,I
soenzymes
4.TypesofEnzymeI
nhi
bi
t
or
s
Bi
ol
ogi
calOxi
dat
i
on
SN
1.Subst
r
at
eLevelPhosphor
yl
at
i
on(
pg224)
2.Oxi
dat
i
vePhosphor
yl
at
i
on***andTher
mogeni
n(
pg228)
3.Mal
at
eAspar
t
at
eShut
t
l
e*(
pg234)
4.I
nhi
bi
t
or
sofETC(
pg232)
5.Uncoupl
er
sofOxi
dat
i
vePhosphor
yl
at
i
on(
pg233)
6.Di
ffer
encebet
weenOxi
dat
i
veandSubst
r
at
eLevelPhosphor
yl
at
i
on
LAQ
1.Expl
ai
nETC,Ment
i
onSi
t
esof
1.ATPSynt
hesi
sandI
nhi
bi
t
or
sofETC**
2.Oxi
dat
i
vePhosphor
yl
at
i
on
3.Expl
ai
nETC,I
nhi
bi
t
or
sandUncoupl
er
sofOxi
dat
i
vePhosphor
yl
at
i
on
Mol
ecul
arBi
ol
ogy
SN
1.Genet
i
cCode***(
pg551)
2.Mut
at
i
on*-CausesandTypes(
pg535)
3.Recombi
nantDNATechnol
ogyAppl
i
cat
i
on*
4.Rever
seTr
anscr
i
pt
i
on(
pg550)
5.DNARepl
i
cat
i
on(
pg524)
6.PCR(
pg534)
7.LacOper
on(
pg567)
LAQ
1.Pr
ot
ei
nBi
osynt
hesi
s*andI
nhi
bi
t
or
s,Regul
at
i
on
2.DNARepl
i
cat
i
on,TwoI
nhi
bi
t
or
sofRepl
i
cat
i
on
3.Genet
i
cCode-sal
i
entf
eat
ur
es,Wobbl
e'
sHypot
hesi
s
4.Tr
anscr
i
pt
i
on,Post
-
Tr
anscr
i
pt
i
onalModi
f
i
cat
i
on,TwoAnt
i
bi
ot
i
cs
I
nhi
bi
t
i
ngt
hepr
ocess

---

Pr
ot
ei
ns
SN
1.Bi
ol
ogi
calyI
mpor
t
antPept
i
des*(
pg65)
2.Secondar
yandTer
t
i
ar
ySt
r
uct
ur
eofPr
ot
ei
ns**(
pg56)
3.t
RNAAndI
t
sFunct
i
ons***(
pg81)
4.Secondar
ySt
r
uct
ur
eofPr
ot
ei
n(
pg56)
5.Funct
i
onalCl
assi
fi
cat
i
onofPr
ot
ei
ns(
pg63)
6.Conj
ugat
edPr
ot
ei
ns(
pg64)
Nucl
eot
i
des
SN
1.FourBi
ochemi
calFunct
i
onsofNucl
eot
i
des*
2.St
r
uct
ur
eofDNA
Fr
eeRadi
cal
sandAnt
i
oxi
dant
s
SN
1.Ant
i
oxi
dant
s(
pg655)
2.Ant
i
oxi
dantEnzymes*,Vi
t
ami
nsandMi
ner
al
s
3.Fr
eeRadi
cal
sandAnt
i
oxi
dant
s
Nut
r
i
t
i
on
SN
1.Expl
ai
nt
heRol
eofDi
et
ar
yFi
br
es*(
pg508)
2.BMR-def
i
ni
t
i
on,f
act
or
s(
pg504)
3.Pr
ot
ei
nEner
gyMal
nut
r
i
t
i
on***(
pg516)
4.Kwashi
or
kor
*-Bi
ochemi
calAl
t
er
at
i
onsandTr
eat
ment(
pg516)
Pl
asmaPr
ot
ei
ns

---

SN
1.I
mmunogl
obul
i
n-di
agr
am,descr
i
beanyoneI
gi
ndet
ai
l
*(
pg186)
2.Funct
i
onsofAl
bumi
n(
pg183)
Paper2
Car
bohydr
at
eMet
abol
i
sm
SN
1.Si
gni
f
i
canceofHMPShunt
*(
pg270)
2.Rapapor
tLeuber
i
ngCycl
e,Si
gni
fi
cance(
pg251)
3.Gl
ycogenSt
or
ageDi
sease*-enzymedefect
s,cl
i
ni
calmani
f
est
at
i
on(
pg269)
LAQ
1.Gl
ycol
yt
i
cPat
hwayi
nEr
yt
hr
ocyt
es,Si
gni
fi
cance,Di
f
f
er
encefr
omGl
ycol
ysi
s
(
pg251)
2.Gl
ycogenol
ysi
s,Regul
at
i
on,Gl
ycogenSt
or
ageDi
seases*(
pg265)
3.TCACycl
e,Amphi
bol
i
cNat
ur
e*(
pg252)
4.HMPShunt
*,Si
gni
f
i
cance(
pg270)
5.Met
abol
i
sm ofGl
ycogen,Hor
monalRegul
at
i
on*(
pg263)
Li
pi
dMet
abol
i
sm
SN
1.Chol
est
er
ol-bi
omedi
cali
mpor
t
ance(
pg315)
2.Chol
est
er
ol-met
abol
i
sm,f
unct
i
on(
pg309)
3.Li
popr
ot
ei
ns*(
pg317)
4.Fat
t
yLi
ver
*andLi
pot
r
opt
i
cFact
or
s*(
pg322)
5.Ket
osi
s(
pg296)
LAQ
1.Chol
est
er
olSynt
hesi
s***-namer
egul
at
or
yenzyme,nor
mall
evel
,funct
i
ons,
expl
ai
nr
ol
ei
nAt
her
oscl
er
osi
s(
pg308)
2.Ket
osi
s,Synt
hesi
sandFat
eofKet
oneBodi
es(
pg293)
3.Bet
aOxi
dat
i
onofPal
mi
t
i
cAci
d,Regul
at
i
on,Ener
get
i
cs**(
pg290)

---

4.Rol
esofLDL,HDLi
nChol
est
er
olTr
anspor
t
,Rol
ei
nAt
her
oscl
er
osi
s(
pg320,
326)
5.Fat
eofAcet
ylCoA,Fat
t
yAci
dSynt
hesi
s(
pg297)
Mi
ner
alMet
abol
i
sm
SN
1.Regul
at
i
onofSer
um Cal
ci
umLevel(
pg407)
2.Rol
eofCal
ci
um asSecondMessenger(
pg405)
3.Absor
pt
i
onofI
r
on(
pg414)
LAQ
1.Pl
asmaCal
ci
um Level-hor
monalr
egul
at
i
on,f
unct
i
on,defi
ci
ency
mani
fest
at
i
on(
pg407)
***
2.I
r
on*(
pg414)
3.Cal
ci
um*(
pg404)
4.Cal
ci
umandPhosphor
us(
pg404,409)
5.CopperandZi
nc(
pg416,419)
6.I
r
onandI
odi
ne(
pg414,418)
7.Fact
or
sI
nf
l
uenci
ngCal
ci
umAbsor
pt
i
on,Funct
i
ons(
pg404)
I
nt
egr
at
i
onofMet
abol
i
sm
SN
1.Shor
tTer
mSt
ar
vat
i
on-met
abol
i
cchanges(
pg383)
2.Bi
ochemi
calChangesi
nSt
ar
vat
i
on**(
pg383)
3.MostSever
ePhaseofSt
ar
vat
i
on-bi
ochemi
calchanges(
Pankaj
a-pg276)
LAQ
1.St
ar
vat
i
onMet
abol
i
sm*(
pg383)
Aci
d-
BaseBal
ance
SN
1.Buf
fer
s**(
pg475)

---

2.Rol
eofKi
dneyi
nAci
dBaseBal
ance(
pg477)
3.AnyTwoBuff
erSyst
ems(
pg475)
4.Met
abol
i
cAci
dosi
s*,I
t
sCompensat
i
on(
pg481)
LAQ
1.Met
abol
i
cAci
dosi
s*-causes,expl
ai
ncompensat
or
yr
ol
eofbl
oodbuffer
s
andki
dney(
pg481)
2.Bl
oodpH-mai
nt
enance,di
sor
der
sassoci
at
edwi
t
haci
dbasebal
ance(
pg474)
3.Wat
erandEl
ect
r
ol
yt
eBal
ance(
pg469)
4.Aci
dBaseBal
ance,I
mbal
ance,Causes(
pg474)
I
nsul
i
n,Gl
ucoseHomeost
asi
sandDM
SN
1.DM-met
abol
i
cchanges*(
pg681)
LAQ
1.Hor
monalRegul
at
i
onofBl
oodGl
ucoseLevel
**,Si
gni
fi
cance,Not
eon
Gl
ycosur
i
a(
pg674,681)
Or
ganFunct
i
onTest
s
SN
1.Cr
eat
i
ni
neCl
ear
anceTest
**,Expl
anat
i
on,Si
gni
fi
cance(
pg461)
2.Ur
eaCl
ear
ance(
pg461)
LAQ
1.Li
verFunct
i
onTest
s**-enumer
at
e,descr
i
beLFTbasedonexcr
et
or
y
f
unct
i
on(
pg453)
Car
bohydr
at
es
SN
1.Hyal
ur
oni
cAci
d-bi
omedi
cali
mpor
t
ance(
pg23)
2.GAGS,Si
gni
fi
cance***(
pg25)
Li
pi
d

---

SN
1.Phosphol
i
pi
ds-cl
assi
f
y,exampl
es,onei
mpor
t
anceofeach
2.Essent
i
alFat
t
yAci
ds(
pg31)
Di
gest
i
onandAbsor
pt
i
on
SN
1.Di
gest
i
onandAbsor
pt
i
onofLi
pi
ds(
pg173)
Hor
mones
SN
1.Gr
oupI
IHor
mones-di
agr
am,mechani
sm,exampl
e(
pg428)
2.NameDi
ffer
entTypesofMessengerHor
mones,Rol
eofcAMP*(
pg430)
3.Mechani
smofHydr
ophi
l
i
cHor
mones
4.Mechani
smofSt
er
oi
dHor
mones*
Cancer
SN
1.TumourMar
ker
s***-f
ourexampl
es(
pg691)
2.Oncogenes**andPr
ot
o-
oncogenes*(
pg687)
3.Chemi
calCar
ci
nogens*(
pg686)
Det
oxi
fi
cat
i
on
SN
1.Conj
ugat
i
on**-exampl
es(
pg640)
2.Det
oxi
f
i
cat
i
onbyOxi
dat
i
onandHydr
ol
ysi
s(
pg639)
3.Met
abol
i
sm ofXenobi
ot
i
cs-phase1r
eact
i
on*(
pg638)

---

LCD
SN
1.El
ect
r
ophor
esi
s*-appl
i
cat
i
on,pr
i
nci
pl
e
2.Chr
omat
ogr
aphy*-pr
i
nci
pl
e,appl
i
cat
i
on,t
ype*
3.Fl
amePhot
omet
er-pr
i
nci
pl
e,par
t
s,i
mpor
t
ance
Over
vi
ewofBi
ophysi
calChemi
st
r
y
SN
1.Radi
oi
sot
opes-di
agnost
i
c,t
her
apeut
i
csi
gni
fi
cance,appl
i
cat
i
on**(
pg717)
Pr
act
i
cal
Opent
heJour
nalj
ust2-
3daysbefor
et
heexam,mugi
tup.
Labt
echni
ci
anar
ever
yhel
pf
uldur
i
ngt
heexam,t
heywi
lhel
pyouget
t
her
esul
t
s.

---